1,721,001 research outputs found
Eclecticism in the Hamas Covenant
No full textAutorica u ovom radu komparativnom analizom ranoislamskih tekstova i Hamasove povelje nastoji doći do odgovora je li Hamasova povelja kompatibilna klasičnom islamu ili ona od njega odstupa. Do tog zaključka dolazi uvođenjem u problematiku kroz analizu događaja koji su doveli do nastanka povelje, kao i razradom nekih islamskih pojmova važnih za razumijevanje tematike. Ključan dio ovog rada je detaljna analiza same Povelje, koju autorica pomoću ranije usvojenih pojmova rastavlja na manje jediice te utvrđuje njeno odstupanje od klasičnog islamskog nauka. Na posljetku u zaključku sažima cjelokupnu analizu te zaključuje je li Hamasova povelja uistinu eklektična, ili ona ipak ide pod ruku s klasičnim islamskim naukom.In this paper, the author makes a comparative analysis of the early Islamic texts and the Hamas charter, to find out whether the Hamas charter is compatible with classical Islam doctrine or deviates from it. She comes to conclusion through the analyses of the events that led to the creation of the Hams Charter, as well as by elaboration of some Islamic terms relevant to the understanding of the subject. The key part of this paper is a detailed analysis of the Charter itself. Finally, in conclusion she summarizes the overall analysis and concludes whether Hams Charter is truly eclectic, or it matches with classical Islamic doctrine
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Arab Views of Defeat in the 1948, 1956, and 1967 Arab-Israeli Wars
No full textSažetak Bliski istok je zbog političkih turbulencija i učestalih nemira oduvijek slovio za najkonfliktniju regiju u svijetu. Arapsko-izraelski rat koji traje više od sedam desetljeća pridonio je da se takvo mišljenje uvriježi. Tri su rata tijekom dvadesetog stoljeća odigrala važnu ulogu u oblikovanju regije kakvu danas poznajemo, a to su: Prvi arapsko-izraelski rat iz 1948., Sueska kriza iz 1956. te Šestodnevni rat iz 1967. Poraz iz 1967. bio je presedan u arapskoj političkoj i vjerskoj misli jer je njime započeo proces samopropitivanja i samokritičnosti u potrazi za novim identitetima. Zapadne vrijednosti i ideologije odbačene su kao grešne, pa je tako sekularizam zamijenjen nacionalizmom s religijskim predznakom. Panarapski identitet kojeg je pokušao stvoriti Naser nestao je krajem šezdesetih, a na njegovu su mjesto došli islamizam i fundamentalizam. U svrhu pojašnjenja promjena do kojih je došlo na društvenom i političkom planu arapskih društava nakon navedenih ratova, u radu su analizirani brojni sekundarni, ali i primarni izvori kako bi se ranoislamski koncepti povezali sa suvremenim političkim procesima. Religija i politika neodvojive su na Bliskom istoku, a njihova neraskidiva i nerijetko pogubna veza prepreka je regionalnom miru i rješenju palestinskog pitanja.Abstract Due to political turbulence and frequent riots, the Middle East has always been known as the most conflicted region in the world. The Arab-Israeli conflict, which has been going on for more than seven decades, has contributed to the establishment of such an opinion. Three wars during the twentieth century played an important role in shaping the region as we know it today, namely: the First Arab-Israeli War of 1948, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the Six-Day War of 1967. The defeat of 1967 was a precedent in Arab political and religious thought because it started the process of self-questioning and self-criticism in the search for new identities. Western values and ideologies were rejected as sinful, and secularism was replaced by nationalism with a religious connotation. The pan-Arab identity that Nasser tried to create disappeared at the end of the sixties, and Islamism and fundamentalism took its place. In order to clarify the changes that occurred on the social and political level of Arab societies after the mentioned wars, the paper analyzed numerous secondary and primary sources in order to connect early Islamic concepts with contemporary political processes. Religion and politics are inseparable in the Middle East, and their unbreakable and often fatal connection is an obstacle to regional peace and a solution to the Palestinian issue
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The Six-Day War as a Turning Point in the Development of an Arab Muslim Identity
No full textŠestodnevni rat bio je jedna od značajnih etapa u dugotrajnom arapsko-izraelskom sukobu, a nerijetko se u literaturi o Bliskom istoku navodi kao prekretnica u višegodišnjim društvenim i idejnim kretanjima u sunitskom dijelu bliskoistočne muslimanske zajednice. Iznenadan poraz arapskog vojnog saveza od strane Izraela i povećanje izraelskog teritorija naoko su uzrokovali političku, kao i vrijednosno-identitesku, krizu kod dijela arapskih muslimana, koja je dovela u pitanje opstanak panarabizma, sekularizma i drugih ,,uvezenih” ideologija. Njihovo su mjesto u sunitskoj svijesti izgledno preuzele purističke te radikalne vjerski uvjetovane ideologije – fundamentalizam i islamizam. Tema ovog rada jest tranzicija koja se je naizgled dogodila u sunitskoj zajednici od kraja 1960-ih. Sa svrhom sagledavanja njenih sastavnih elemenata, rad predstavlja svaku od ideologija koje su obilježile sunitski svijet prije te nakon 1967. Dolazi se do saznanja da su društvene, ekonomske i političke prilike u brojnim arapskim državama već i prije rata bile plodno tlo za nekakav oblik revolucionarne reforme. Neočekivani ratni fijasko sekularnih arapskih režima stvorio je gotovo savršenu priliku da se protusustavni akteri suoče sa autokratima koji su ih dugo potiskivali na društvene margine. Svrha ovoga diplomskog rada je doprinijeti razumijevanju idejnog te društvenog konteksta unutar kojega se je sunitski poraz od Židova, po svemu sudeći, duboko odrazio na daljnji razvoj njihove kolektivne misli.The Six-Day War was a significant stage in the long standing Arab-Israeli conflict, and it has often been cited in literature on the Middle East as a turning point in the yearslong social and ideological trends within the Sunni part of the Middle Eastern Muslim community. The surprise defeat of the Arab military alliance by Israel and the Israeli territorial expansion seemingly caused a political crisis, as well as a crisis of values and of identity, among one part of the Arab Muslims, which in turn also brought into doubt the survival of pan-Arabism, secularism and other ,,imported” ideologies. Their place within the Sunni consciousness appears to have been taken by puristic and radical religion-based ideologies – fundamentalism and Islamism. The topic of this degree is the transition which seems to have taken place in the Sunni community since the end of the 1960s. With the objective of observing its constituent elements, this degree presents each of the ideologies which marked the Sunni world before and after 1967. A determination is reached that the social, economic and political conditions in many Arab countries, even in the pre-war era, were already fertile ground for some form of revolutionary reform. The unexpected martial fiasco of the secular Arab regimes offered an almost perfect opportunity for anti-system actors to face up to the autocrats who had long pushed them to the margins of society. The purpose of this master's degree is to contribute to the understanding of the ideological and the social context within which the Sunni defeat by the Jews, by many accounts, left a deep mark on the further development of their collective thought
Aloysius Stepinac view on totalitarian regimes
No full textAlojzije Stepinac jedna je od najvažnijih hrvatskih povijesnih osoba 20. stoljeća. Rad nudi pregled Stepinčeva života u četiri određena razdoblja, kroz koja se susreo s različitim režimima, fašizmom, velikosrpskom diktaturom kralja Aleksandra, nacizmom i komunizmom. Njegovi stavovi prema tim režimima prikazani su kroz četiri različita pogleda i načina djelovanja prema njima. Nedvojbeno je postojala međusobna isprepletenost Stepinčeva djelovanja sa svakim od ranije navedenih režima te se taj odnos istražuje i opisuje. Tema je osjetljiva, te je kao takva podložna stvaranju stereotipa i namjernom iskrivljavanju činjenica, što je u ovom radu izbjegnuto. Pregledom stavova Alojzija Stepinca pruža se uvid u njegovo djelovanje, kao i utjecaj koji je imao na djelovanje konkretnih režima za vrijeme kojih je djelovao.Alojzije Stepinac is one of the most important Croatian historical figures of the 20th century. The paper offers an overview of Stepinac's life in four specific periods, during which he encountered different regimes, fascism, the Great Serbian dictatorship of King Alexander, Nazism and communism. His attitudes towards these regimes are presented through four different views and ways of acting towards them. Undoubtedly, there was mutual interweaving of Stepinac's activities with each of the previously mentioned regimes, and this relationship is investigated and described. The topic is sensitive, and as such is subject to stereotyping and deliberate distortion of facts, which was avoided in this work. An overview of Aloysius Stepinac's views provides an insight into his actions, as well as the influence he had on the actions of the specific regimes during which he operated
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Christian political Philosemitism
Full text linkFilosemitizam je pojam koji označuje opću naklonost Židovskome narodu, a koji se s vremenom proširio tako da obuhvaća i podršku državi Izrael. Za razliku od antisemitizma, njemu oprečnoga pojma, filosemitizam nije jednoznačan ni pojam povijesno ujednačenoga značenja. U ovome radu će biti dana povijesno-politička pozadina filosemitizma u carskoj Njemačkoj, Velikoj Britaniji i Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, a usporedno s time će biti predstavljen i antisemitizam, koji je bio čest katalizator usponima i padovima filosemitizma. Također će biti razlučeni pojmovi filosemitizma i kršćanskog cionizma, koji se isprva mogu činiti podudarnima te će biti razjašnjena eshatološka i politička opravdanja naklonjenosti Židovima, odnosno proizlazi li ona iz religijskih uvjerenja ili iz neke društveno-gospodarske koristi.Philosemitism is a term denoting general affection for the Jewish people, in time becoming synonymous with support for the State of Israel. Unlike antisemitism, its antonym, philosemitism does not have a single nor a historically uniform meaning. This paper will give a historical and political background of philosemitism in Imperial Germany, Great Britain and the United States of America. Shown comparatively, will be antisemitism as a catalyst for rise and fall of philosemitism. The terms philosemitism and Christian Zionism, which at first might be conflated, will be differentiated and the eschatological and political affection for the Jews will be explained, whether it is fuelled by religion on the one hand or by politics and economy on the other
The construction of discourse and media framing in the coverage of the 7 October 2023 Hamas attack on Israel: an analysis of BBC, Al Jazeera and Fox News
No full textDiplomski rad bavi se analizom diskursa i medijskog framinga u izvještavanju o napadu Hamasa na Izrael 7. listopada 2023. godine. Predmet istraživanja su članci objavljeni u trima globalno relevantnim medijima – Al Jazeeri, BBC-u i Fox Newsu – koji svojim izvještavanjem oblikuju javno razumijevanje sukoba. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi na koji način različiti mediji konstruiraju narativ o istom događaju te kakve okvire koriste u predstavljanju aktera, žrtava i uzroka sukoba. Metodološki okvir čini kvalitativna analiza diskursa i framing analiza prema teorijskim postavkama Roberta Entmana i Jamesa Hallahana. Uzorak se sastojao od 14 članaka – sedam s Al Jazeere, tri s BBC-a i četiri s Fox Newsa – objavljenih neposredno nakon napada. Analizirani su dominantni diskurzivni obrasci, ključne riječi, ton izvještavanja i povezani interpretativni okviri. Rezultati pokazuju jasne razlike u medijskom konstruiranju sukoba: Fox News izvještava kroz okvir terorizma i koristi emotivan diskurs s naglaskom na izraelsko stradanje, Al Jazeera naglašava humanitarne posljedice i povijesni kontekst sukoba, dok BBC pokušava održati neutralnost, ali često naglašava izraelske civilne žrtve i sigurnosne aspekte. U ratnim i političkim kontekstima to znači da se framingom odlučuje tko je agresor, a tko žrtva, tko je racionalan vođa, a tko radikal, tko zaslužuje empatiju, a čija se patnja marginalizira. Rad potvrđuje da mediji nisu pasivni prenositelji informacija, već aktivni sudionici u oblikovanju javnog mnijenja. Zaključak naglašava važnost kritičke medijske pismenosti u razumijevanju suvremenih sukoba i globalnih medijskih narativa.This thesis examines discourse and media framing in the coverage of Hamas’s attack on Israel on October 7, 2023. The research focuses on articles published by three globally relevant media outlets – Al Jazeera, BBC, and Fox News – whose reporting plays a significant role in shaping public understanding of the conflict. The aim of the study was to explore how different media construct narratives of the same event and which frames they employ in representing actors, victims, and the causes of the conflict. The methodological framework combines qualitative discourse analysis with framing analysis, based on the theoretical approaches of Robert Entman and James Hallahan. The sample consisted of 14 articles – seven from Al Jazeera, three from BBC, and four from Fox News – published immediately after the attack. The analysis examined dominant discursive patterns, key terms, reporting tone, and interpretative frames. The findings reveal notable differences in media constructions of the conflict: Fox News reports through the frame of terrorism, using an emotional discourse focused on Israeli suffering; Al Jazeera emphasizes humanitarian consequences and the historical context of the conflict; while BBC attempts to maintain neutrality, but often highlights Israeli civilian casualties and security concerns. In wartime and political contexts, framing determines who is portrayed as the aggressor and who as the victim, who is a rational leader and who a radical, who deserves empathy, and whose suffering is marginalized. The study confirms that media are not passive transmitters of information but active agents in shaping public opinion. The conclusion highlights the importance of critical media literacy for understanding contemporary conflicts and global media narratives
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