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Association between autoimmune thyroiditis and depressive disorder in psychiatric outpatients
No full textThyroid diseases are often associated with psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in the general population is estimated to be at about 5-14 %. A clinical study was conducted to evaluate the association between autoimmune thyroiditis and depression in psychiatric outpatients. Fifty-two patients with depression and nineteen patients with schizophrenia (serving as control group), attending a psychiatric outpatient unit, were included. In addition to the measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies, and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland was performed. The proportion of pathologically increased anti-TPO levels in patients with depression was high. Furthermore, the distribution of pathologically increased anti-TPO levels was significantly (chi (2) = 5.5; p = 0.019) different between patients with depression (32.7 %) and patients with schizophrenia (5.3 %). In a gender- and age-adjusted logistic regression, the odds ratio of uni- or bipolar patients with depression for an autoimmune thyroiditis was ten times higher (95 % CI = 1.2-85.3) when compared with schizophrenia patients. TSH basal level did not differ between patients with depression and patients with schizophrenia. Our study demonstrates a strong association between anti-TPO levels, which are considered to be of diagnostic value for autoimmune thyroiditis (in combination with a hypoechoic thyroid in ultrasonography) with uni- or bipolar depression. It should be noted that the routinely measured TSH level is not sufficient in itself to diagnose this relevant autoimmune comorbidity
Liver value increase and weight increase with development of a metabolic syndrome under olanzapin
No full textLiver value increase and weight increase with development of a metabolic syndrome under olanzapin
No full textAssociation of autoimmune thyroiditis with depressive disorders
No full textZiel: Schilddrüsenerkrankungen sind häufig mit psychiatrischen Erkrankungen assoziiert. Ziel dieser Studie war die Erfassung sowohl der Prävalenz als auch der Zusammenhänge zwischen der Autoimmunthyreoiditis (AIT) und affektiven Störungen. Methoden: Insgesamt wurden 71 konsekutive ambulante Patienten prospektiv und nicht selektiert mit einer psychiatrischen Erkrankung (52 Patienten mit Depressionen bzw. Depression bei bipolarer Störung und 19 Patienten mit einer Schizophrenie) untersucht. Neben den Schilddrüsenparametern TSH, fT3 und fT4 wurden auch Antikörper gegen die thyreoidale Peroxidase (TPO-Ak) und Thyreoglobulinantikörper bestimmt. Bei erhöhten TPO-Ak-Titern (cut-off >60 U/ml) wurde zusätzlich eine Sonographie der Schilddrüse zur Sicherung der Diagnose einer AIT durchgeführt. Ergebnis: Der TSH Basalwert unterscheidet sich nicht zwischen Patienten mit Depressionen und Patienten mit Schizophrenie. Allerdings war die Verteilung der pathologisch erhöhten TPO-Ak-Spiegel signifikant (χ2 = 5,5, p = 0,019) unterschiedlich zwischen Patienten mit Depressionen (32,7%) und Patienten mit Schizophrenie (5,3%). In einer geschlechts- und altersadjustierten logistische Regression, war die Odds Ratio (OR) von uni-oder bipolaren Patienten mit Depressionen für eine Autoimmunthyreoiditis zehn Mal so hoch (95% CI = 1,2-85,3), verglichen mit Patienten mit einer Schizophrenie. Zusammenfassung: Patienten mit einer affektiven Störung weisen ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für eine AIT auf. Die routinemäßige Bestimmung des TSH allein reicht nicht aus, um diese relevante autoimmune Komorbidität zu diagnostizieren.Objective: Thyroid disorders are often associated with psychiatric disorders. A prospective clinical observational study was conducted to assess the prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in out - patients with affective disorders. Methods: A total of 71 consecutive, not selected outpatients with a psychiatric disorder (52 patients with a depression or with a depression within the limits of a bipolar disorder and 19 patients with schizophrenia) were included prospectively into the study. In addition to the measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies, and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) antibodies, a sonography examination was initiated if deviations from normal parameters were observed. Results: The TSH basal level did not differ between patients with depression and patients with schizophrenia. However, the distribution of pathologically increased anti-TPO levels was significantly (χ2=5.5; p=0.019) different between patients with depression (32.7%) and patients with schizophrenia (5.3%). In a gender- and ageadjusted logistic regression, the odds ratio (OR) of uni- or bipolar patients with depression for an autoimmune thyroiditis was ten times higher (95% CI=1.2-85.3) when compared with patients with schizophrenia. Conclusions: Patients with depressions have a significantly increased risk of AIT. It should be noted that the routinely measured TSH level is not sufficient in itself to diagnose this relevant autoimmune comorbidity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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