1,721,052 research outputs found
Deletion of HOG1 leads to osmosensitivity in starvation-induced, but not rapamycin-dependent Atg8 degradation and proteolysis
No full textThe mechanisms of regulation of autophagy are still obscure. In mammalian liver, starvation-induced autophagic proteolysis is regulated by the cellular hydration state in a microtubule- and p38(MAPK)-dependent way. Recent work shows that in yeast, loss of Hog 1, the yeast orthologue of p38(MAPK), leads to osmosensitivity of starvation-induced autophagy (Prick et al., Biochem J 2006; 394:153-161), pointing to an evolutionarily conserved mechanism. In this addendum further experiments from hog 1 Delta yeast cells are shown, which support the hypothesis that starvation- and rapamycin-induced autophagy processes differ in their susceptibility to osmotic stress. The potential mechanisms are discussed
In yeast, loss of Hog1 leads to osmosensitivity of autophagy
No full textIn mammalian liver, protcolysis is regulated by the cellular hydration state in a microtubule- and p38(MAPK) (p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase)-dependent fashion. Osmosensing in liver cells towards proteolysis is achieved by activation of integrin receptors. The yeast orthologue of p38(MAPK) is Hog1 Delta (high-osmolarity glycerol 1), which is involved in the hyperosinotic-response pathway. Since it is not known whether starvation-induced autophagy in yeast is osmosensitive and whether Hog I is involved in this process, we performed fluorescence microscopy experiments. The hog1 Delta cells exhibited a visible decrease of autophagy in hypo-osmotic and hyperosinotic nitrogen-starvation medium as compared with normo-osmolarity, as determined by GFP (green fluorescent protein)-Atg8 (autophagy-related 8) fluorescence. Western blot analysis of GFP-Atg8 degradation showed that WT (wild-type) cells maintained a stable autophagic activity over a broad osmolarity range, whereas hog 1 cells showed,in impaired autophagic actitivity during hypo- and hyper-osmotic stress. In [H-3]leucine-pre-labelled yeast cells, the proteolysis rate was osmodependent only in hog1 Delta cells. Neither maturation of pro-aminopeptidase I nor vitality was affected by osmotic stress in either yeast strain. In contrast, rapamycin-dependent autophagy, as measured by degradation of GFP-Atg8, did not significantly respond to hypo-osmotic or hyperosmotic stress in hog1 Delta or WT cells. We conclude that Hog I plays a role in the stabilization machinery of nitrogen-deprivation-induced autophagy in yeast cells during ambient osmolarity changes. This could be an analogy to the p38(MAPK) pathway in mammalian liver, where osmosensing towards p38(MAPK) is required for autopliagy regulation by hypo-osmotic amino-acid- induced cell swelling. A phenotypic difference is observed in rapamycin-induced autophagy, which does not seem to respond to extracellular osmolarity changes in hog1 Delta cells
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
