1,720,967 research outputs found
Port Cities: Cluster of Risks or Example for Anticipation?
No full textThe explosion in the port of Beirut in 2020 showed that ports are clusters of risks, and that accidents in port areas can have disastrous effects on close-by residential areas or historic city centers. Such disasters are not new, and cities and nations have had time to establish special safety regulations and prevent such disasters. Because authorities implemented these rules in reaction to incidents rather than planning to prevent and enforcing existing rules, however, more disasters ensued. The evolution of industrial techniques and scales often overran the ability of law-makers to adapt rules and anticipate to industrial innovations.History, Form & Aesthetic
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Catholic Comments Podcast.
No full textFr. Richard Hauser, S.J. discusses the spirituality of Thomas Merton
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Blue Paper #5: Sea snot as a visible sign of climate change
No full textSea snot is spreading over the Sea of Marmara in Turkey. This slimy substance is a symptom of marine pollution, and is threatening life both under and above water. Based on their own observations and the preliminary findings of experts, Gül Aktürk and Stephan Hauser discuss the deeper-lying issues of sea snot in the Sea of Marmara: the failure on all levels of governance to ban pollution on land and in the sea. This blog highlights the urgency and importance of a better management of water resources through better cooperation and coordination of various stakeholders
Beloved Coal: The Living Comfort After Retirement of Coal Power Plants. Case studies of Coal Regions During Energy Transition in Poland and Bulgaria
No full textThe transition of coal power plants has showed the struggles in overcoming coal energy in Europe, where its largest power plant, Bełchatów Power Station, in 2021 announced its fourteen-year closure plan. In the instances of Poland and Bulgaria, coal regions are hesitant to act for transitioning and their energy distribution systems still predominantly rely on coal. Therefore, alternatives for the transformation of coal-related infrastructure is critical for future urban planning strategies to enable a new adaptable way of living without carbon energy. In the first part, this paper will investigate how coal energy framed current architecture and infrastructure, which indicate why Poland and Bulgaria are reluctant to act due to their deep-rooted energy grids. The analysis of urban economic changes through satellite maps and archived photos in Poland and Bulgaria will demonstrate how their regional urban redevelopment gives urban planners directions for future transition. The last part explores new standards of living comfort for inhabitants to follow to propose new design schemes that architects and engineers should implement. This is supported by evaluations of building design strategies from existing projects. These strategies can suggest future redevelopment of coal-related industrial clusters and prepare a way of living without coal.AR2A011Architecture, Urbanism and Building Science
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Environmental and Social impact of takeaway food waste: A case study in Chengdu, China
No full textMore than 3 billion plastic bags are consumed every day in China, posing a huge challenge for solid waste management. And scientists estimate that online food delivery businesses in China generated 1.6 million tons of packaging waste in 2017, nine times more than two years ago. This includes 1.2 million tons of plastic boxes, 175,000 tons of disposable chopsticks, 164,000 tons of plastic bags, and 44,000 tons of plastic spoons(Raymond Zhong & Carolyn Zhang, 2019) Despite the Chinese government's implementation of a "plastic ban" in 2008 and the issuance of guidelines by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment in early 2020 to further strengthen plastic pollution control (also known as the new "plastic ban"), many people still use plastic bags in their daily lives, especially for takeaway food.The take-away industry in China has grown rapidly in recent years, but related take-away waste recycling measures are inadequate, so understanding the implementation of government policies and people's behavior regarding the use of such materials is key to reducing take-away waste. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the socio-demographic, economic, housing, social participation, and environmental perception factors that influence households' use of single-use plastic bags or reusable items when ordering takeaway food, as well as changes in government policies for the recycling and disposal of take-away waste.The study found that take-out waste includes not only plastic packaging but also food residue, which indirectly increases the difficulty of recycling. So this paper focuses on government policies, recycling strategies and public feedback, and based on these results, implications for policymakers and suggestions for further future study are offered.AR2A011Architectural History ThesisArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Science
Foreign Nationals’ Liveability in the Dammam Metropolitan Area Petroleumscape
No full textSince oil was struck at Dammam’s Oil Well No. 7 in 1938, the Dammam Metropolitan Area (henceforth referred to as ‘DMA) has undergone rapid urban expansion, in part due to the influx of foreign national oil workers. With their lifestyles differing from the local population, the urban sphere has developed to cater to their diverse demands. There is limited literature on the relationship between the history the foreign national populations’ urban experiences in the DMA and its petroleumscape. The petroleumscape, as defined by Carola Hein, is the physical, represented and lived palimpsest of petroleum’s physical and financial flows into the (urban) landscape guided by corporate and public actors. In the DMA, the petroleumscape’s main actor - ARAMCO – was the first to define spatial distributions of ethnic and socioeconomic groups in Saudi’s Eastern Province. Other actors such as the Saudi government and other petrochemical companies followed suit, resulting in ethnically segregated urban zones and architectural typologies. A failure to understand the historical relationships between petroleum, ethnicity and nationality could be an obstacle to current Saudi city-planning strategies, particularly frameworks such as Vision 2030, which anticipate an economy slowly shifting away from oil and ‘inclusive’ cities. This paper investigates how the development of the DMA’s petroleumscape resulted in urban spaces for foreign national populations (henceforth referred to as ‘FN populations’) and affected their urban liveability in terms of their housing, work, education and leisure environments. A study of this intricate historical relationship could provide a background for future urban planning policies in the DMA and the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The analysis of historic documents, aerial imagery, photographs and geographical information systems can locate oil-related infrastructure throughout history. Coupled with personal accounts and statistics, segregation and integration of FNs in urban space is explored. An online questionnaire conducted for this research provides quantitative and qualitative data on the quality of life for FNs. Secondary sources, such as books, articles and magazines which investigate housing and employment conditions in Middle Eastern oil and port cities are used to analyse and deduce findings from primary sources. A cross analysis of sources and findings identifies and maps out urban interventions that improve liveability arising from Dammam’s petroleumscape. The historical upward trajectory of Dammam’s petroleum industry has improved liveability for FN residents since the discovery of oil in 1938. Consequently, through the creation of urban spaces, such as gated communities, cultural enclaves and commercial districts funded by petrodollars, liveability for FN populations has improved in tandem with the rise of petroleum. However, a generalisation of all FN groups cannot be made as their urban liveability has historically depended, and continues to depend, on their position on the racial and socioeconomic ladder. Saudi’s waning reliance on oil revenue will affect liveability in the DMA for Saudis and foreign nationals alike, possibly even altering urban distributions of various FN groups. The objective is to present the correlations and causations in the history of the DMA’s urban development and its FN population and to illustrate how and why this affects liveability for FNs so that the objectives of local planning authorities can better manage the demands of a historically diverse population, in line with the Vision 2030 framework and local urban planning schemes.AR2A011Architecture, Urbanism and Building Science
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