1,720,968 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and the risk of childhood cancer-illustrated with domestic radon and radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure
Full text linkBackground
Children are exposed to many different environmental factors, including exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation and to non-ionizing radiation.
Low-dose ionizing radiation comprises anthropogenic modified radiation and natural ionizing radiation from cosmic rays from the atmosphere, terrestrial gamma radiation from radionuclides in rocks and soils and radiation from radon.
Non-ionizing radiation comprises optical radiation and radiation from electromagnetic fields. The latter comprises radiation from extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF; high voltage power lines, electrical installations) and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF; broadcast transmitters, mobile phone base stations, mobile and cordless phones).
Both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation are assumed to be associated with childhood cancer.
Aims
Within this dissertation, we primarily aimed to assess whether there is an association between domestic radon exposure and childhood cancers. We further investigated whether there is an association between low-dose ionizing gamma radiation and childhood cancers. We finally assessed whether there is an association between RF-EMF exposure from broadcast transmitters and childhood cancers.
Methods
We performed prospective census-based cohort designs, considering all children, aged less than 16 years and living in Switzerland at the date of census 2000 (December 5th 2000). Time at risk was set to begin at census and lasted until the date of diagnosis, death, emigration, a child’s 16th birthday or until the end of the year 2008. In terms of non-ionizing radiation from far-field RF-EMF sources from broadcast transmitters, we carried out a further prospective cohort analysis, considering all children, aged less than 16 years and living in Switzerland between 1985 and 2008.
We assessed exposure at baseline (date of census 2000) for each child’s home address. For the analyses on RF-EMF exposure to broadcast transmitters and childhood cancers where a longer follow-up was considered, we considered exposure at the time of diagnosis.
For the analyses on domestic radon exposure and childhood cancers, exposure assessment was based on a nationwide radon prediction model. For the analyses on low-dose ionizing gamma radiation and childhood cancers, exposure assessment was based on modelled and measured dose rates from outdoor gamma radiation. For the analyses on RF-EMF exposure to broadcast transmitters and childhood cancers, exposure assessment was based on modeled field strengths.
Results
We estimated arithmetic mean radon concentrations to be 85.7 Bq/m³ (range: 6.9-337.2 Bq/m³) for childhood cancer cases and 85.9 Bq/m³ (range: 0.7-490.1 Bq/m³) for the rest of the study population. Despite relative high radon levels in Switzerland, we found no evidence for an association between domestic radon exposure and childhood cancers.
We found increased leukaemia risk (including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) with respect to gamma radiation for children who lived at the same address between 1995 and 2000.
Finally, we found no increased leukaemia risk but increased central nervous system (CNS) tumour risks with respect to RF-EMF exposure from broadcast transmitters.
Conclusions and Outlook
The findings of our analyses, indicating no association between domestic radon exposure and childhood cancers were consistent with past studies that estimated doses of domestic radon concentrations for different body organs (lung, red bone marrow, brain).
The results of the analyses on gamma radiation and childhood cancers indicate that low dose ionizing gamma radiation might be relevant in terms of childhood leukaemia. These results were also found to be consistent with dose estimations for different body organs (red bone marrow, brain). They indicated that the same gamma radiation dose to the red bone marrow over a longer time period is probably necessary for gamma radiation to lead to childhood leukaemia.
The findings from the analyses on RF-EMF exposure from broadcasting and childhood leukaemia were found to be consistent with results from animal, in-vitro and laboratory studies. On the contrary, the findings indicating increased CNS tumours from RF-EMF exposure to broadcast transmitters contradict results from former studies. Our results are further in contradiction to a previous case-control study on wireless phones. This study could not find an increased risk for CNS tumours from the use of wireless phones that lead to substantially higher exposure to the head.
Although no evidence for an association with childhood cancers was found, domestic radon exposure is of public health relevance with regard to lung cancer in adults.
The findings from the analyses on gamma radiation and childhood cancers indicate that gamma radiation is of public health relevance as well, especially when children are exposed to the same gamma radiation dose over a longer time period.
Statements on possible public health relevance concerning non-ionizing radiation of RF-EMF from broadcasting on the other hand are not yet possible, as the results for CNS tumours need further clarification
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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