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Eodollocaris Laville & Haug & Haug 2021, n. gen.
No full textGenus Eodollocaris Laville, J.T. Haug & C. Haug, n. gen. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 52E16EC8-EAB2-457C-94D2-C187234EC1A3 ETYMOLOGY. — Referring with ‘-dollocaris’ to the similarities to Paradollocaris vannieri Charbonnier, 2017 and the Mesozoic form more generally, and ‘Eo-’ to refer to an early form of it TYPE SPECIES. — Eodollocaris keithflinti n. gen., n. sp. DIAGNOSIS. — As for the species.Published as part of Laville, Thomas, Haug, Joachim T. & Haug, Carolin, 2021, New species of Thylacocephala, Eodollocaris keithflinti n. gen., n. sp., from the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte, Illinois, United States (c. 307 Ma) and redescription of other Mazon Creek thylacocephalans, pp. 295-310 in Geodiversitas 43 (10) on page 301, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a10, http://zenodo.org/record/474654
Partisaniferus edjarzembowskii HAUG & HAUG 2022, sp. nov.
No full text? Partisaniferus edjarzembowskii sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 46CB5E22-3E9E-4A03-86EB- 975D4199E6FD Holotype. SNHM-6013 (formerly PED 0740) Additional material. PED 0596 Etymology. The species is named in honour of Edmund Jarzembowski and his work on fossil insects. When written as? P. edjarzembowskii, the name reads basically as “PED jarzembowskii” in honour of his contributions, especially also on immatures of fossil insects and their study, as a part of PED = Palaeo-EvoDevo. Diagnosis. Trunk segments with continuous tergites without subdivision in several sclerites. No apparent protrusions on abdomen segments. Trunk end broad, only slightly narrower than preceding trunk, posteriorly rounded. Differential diagnosis. Differs from Partisaniferus atrickmuelleri in lacking any differentiation into distinct sclerites and abdomen protrusions, and in the shape of the trunk end, which is narrow trapezoid in dorsal view. Locality and horizon. Kachin, Myanmar, earliest Cenomanian. Description. General. Very small holometabolan larva (Figs 1A–D, 2A). Body organised into head and trunk. Head composed of six segments (inferred, see discussion). Anterior trunk (thorax) with three longer segments (pro-, meso-, metathorax), ventrally each carrying a pair of locomotory appendages (legs). Posterior trunk (abdomen) with nine units, anterior eight representing true segments, last unit, trunk end, likely a compound structure of several segments. All trunk units with prominent dorsal sclerites (tergites). Each trunk segment with convex lateral rims, with a pair of setae one on each side, trunk end with two pairs of setae. Head. Triangular in dorsal view.Anteriorly drawn out into beak-like protrusion (Fig. 1C), most likely formed by some components of mouthparts, but unclear by which ones. No clear structures of ocular segment visible, no eye structures apparent, clypeo-labrum complex (possible appendage derivative) possibly contributing to beak; faint V-shaped line on beak, possibly as edge of clypeolabrum. Antennae [antennulae] inserting far lateral on head, with four visible elements (Fig. 1C, D). Proximal element proximally very wide, strongly tapering distally to about 50% of proximal width; length about as long as distal width. Element 2 of similar length, also tapering distally to about 50% of the proximal width. Element 3 tubular, slightly narrower than distal width of element two, slightly longer than wide. Element 4 slightly shorter, but about as wide as element 3, distally rounded. A single pair of palps apparent (Fig. 1C, D), unclear if maxillary [maxillulary] or labial [maxillary] palps, with two elements. Proximal element conical, nearly twice as long as proximal width. Distal width only half of proximal width. Distal part narrow, elongate, spine-like. Anterior trunk (thorax). Trunk segment 1 (prothorax) largest, slightly wider than posterior width of head, nearly twice as long as head capsule without beak (Fig. 1A, C). Ventrally with a pair of locomotory appendages (legs), no details discernible. Trunk segment 2 (mesothorax) slightly shorter than prothorax, similar in width (Fig. 1A, C). Ventrally with a pair of locomotory appendages (legs), no details discernible. Trunk segment 3 (metathorax) similar in size to mesothorax (Fig. 1A, C). Ventrally with a pair of locomotory appendages (legs), no details discernible. Posterior trunk (abdomen). Trunk segment 4 (abdomen segment 1) slightly shorter than metathorax, similar in width.Trunk segments 5–10 (abdomen segments 2–7) similar to trunk segment 4. Trunk segment 11 (abdomen segment 8) about as long, but slightly narrower than preceding segments. Trunk end anteriorly narrower than trunk segments and slightly shorter, posteriorly rounded (Fig. 1A–D).Published as part of HAUG, JOACHIM T. & HAUG, CAROLIN, 2022, Another strange holometabolan larva from Kachin amber-the enigma of the beak larva (Neuropteriformia), pp. 276-284 in Palaeoentomology 5 (3) on pages 278-279, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.3.11, http://zenodo.org/record/682074
Eodollocaris keithflinti Laville, Haug & Haug, 2021, n. gen., n. sp.
No full textEodollocaris keithflinti Laville, J. T. Haug & C. Haug n. gen., n. sp. (Figs 6; 7) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1D59F66C-0B63-460B-94AB-F177841EC908 ETYMOLOGY. –— In honor of the late Keith Flint from the band 'The Prodigy'. As the specimen exhibits a certain "aggressiveness" and the fossil is preserved in bright red colour reminding of fire, we herewith tribute to the song 'Firestarter' of the band. TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype: ROMIP 61586. TYPE HORIZON. — Carbondale Formation, Francis Creek Shale Member, c. 307 Ma, Westphalian D, Middle Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous. TYPE LOCALITY. — Mazon Creek area, Pit 11, Illinois, United States. DIAGNOSIS. — Trapezoidal shield displaying a rounded rostrum, a tube-shaped dorsal midline, a finely tuberculated ventral margin, a dorsal midline ending posteriorly with a spine and a posterior margin with a notch in its dorsal part. Third prominent appendage bearing seven spines on its most distal element. DESCRIPTION Body Largely enveloped by prominent folded shield (Figs 6 A-D; 7A, B). Few structures protruding from it. Exact origin of shield unclear, most likely relatively far anterior, possibly from segments of head. Shield trapezoidal in lateral view; longer than high, about 2.8× (h = 6.13 mm, hp = 4.97 mm; ls = 16.93 mm; lw = 15.23 mm). Antero-dorsal corner drawn out anteriorly into a rostrum with a rounded tip (l = 1.70 mm). The anterior margin is straight, oriented postero-ventrally (c. 30°). No clear optical notch distinguishable. Dorsal midline is slightly convex. Postero-dorsal corner drawn out posteriorly into small spine. Ventral margin is convex. Rim in this region is bearing numerous fine tubercles and appears slightly bent in its central part (Fig. 6F). Posterior margin further dorsally concave forming distinct notch, ventral part straight and oriented antero-ventrally (c. 30°). Dorsal midline connecting the two valves tube-shaped, with numerous pores along the entire dorsal line, terminated by the rostrum (Fig. 6E). Large eyes Anteriorly protruding from under the shield, prominent (l = 0.94 mm; Fig. 6 A-D). Appear to arise from massive proximal stalks. Posterior to eyes, a massive oval structure emerging ventrally from the shield. Exact origin unclear. Two prominent appendages Protruding from under the shield (Figs 6G, H; 7C, D), interpreted as raptorial appendages 2 and 3 (possibly appendages of post-ocular segments 5 and 6 = maxillae? and maxillipeds?). Proximal parts concealed by a tube-shaped structure, probably a part of the body. Raptorial appendage 2 Differentiated into four elements. Element 1 rectangular in lateral view, longer than wide, 1.2× (l = 1.53 mm; w = 1.33 mm). Element 2 rectangular, longer than wide, about 2.1× (l = 1.85 mm; w = 0.87 mm), angled in the specimen at 51° downward from the first article. Element 3 not wellpreserved.Width appears similar to that of preceding element. Element 4 longest (Fig. 6G), thin, longer than wide, 5.6× (l = 3.92 mm; w = 0.70 mm), angled at 50° inward from element 3. Distally bearing two spines on its median margin. First spine smaller (l = 0.79 mm). Second spine very distal. Spine longer than the first one and directed anteriorly. Raptorial appendage 3 Better preserved, longer than raptorial appendage 2. Differentiated into four elements (Fig. 7C, D). Element 1 rectangular, almost square-shaped (l = 2.13 mm; w = 2.03 mm); bearing a stout spine in the central part of the lateral margin (l = 0.38 mm). Element 2 hexagonal in outline, slightly rounded, wider in its central part than at its extremities (wmax = 2.19 mm; wmin = 1.05 mm; l = 1.79 mm). Bearing a spine on central part of lateral and median margin. Lateral spine longer (l = 0.28 mm) than median one (l = 0.16 mm). Element 3 rectangular, longer than wide, about 3.6× (l = 4.27 mm; w = 1.18 mm), angled at 24.3° from element 2. One spine on median margin (l = 0.37 mm). Element 4, distal one, also the longest one (l = 6.32 mm); rectangular, thin and elongated, longer than wide, about 7.2× (w = 0.88 mm), angled at 56.6° anteriorly from element 3. Bears seven spines on median margin (Fig. 7C, D). First one is thin (l = 0.65 mm); second one also thin (l = 0.58 mm), third also thin, longest of the series (l = 0.68 mm); fourth spine shorter (l = 0.44 mm); fifth similar to fourth (l = 0.45 mm); sixth spine shortest (l = 0.20 mm), close to seventh spine. Seventh spine corresponds to distal end of appendage; slightly curved, longer than the previous spine, about 3.2× (l = 0.64 mm). Posterior part of trunk Only the posterior part of trunk is visible. Carrying three appendages. First posterior trunk appendage paddle-like. Second one not well preserved but bearing a spine distally. Third, also paddle-like, arising from end of trunk. REMARKS The new specimen possesses a so far unique combination of characters. The rostrum with a rounded tip seems to be a common feature in Palaeozoic species of Thylacocephala, especially in species of Concavicaris Rolfe, 1961. The presence of such a rostrum has also been suggested to be a diagnostic feature of representatives of the group Ankitokazocaris Arduini, 1990 of the Triassic. However, it differs from known representatives of both groups, Concavicaris and Ankitokazocaris, by the absence of a well-developed optic notch. Also, the new specimen possesses a posterior spine and a posterior notch, both structures are absent in species of Concavicaris and Ankitokazocaris. Yet, they are well known in specimens from younger deposits, such as representatives of Atropicaris Arduini & Brasca, 1984, Dollocaris Van Straelen, 1923 or Mayrocaris Polz, 1994. In these species, the posterior notch occupies the entire posterior margin whereas in the new specimen it is restricted to the dorsal part of the margin. Among the species from younger deposits, especially Paradollocaris vannieri Charbonnier, 2017 shows many similarities concerning shield shape with the new specimen. The shield is trapezoidal with a convex dorsal midline. Anteriorly it is drawn out into a rostrum, which is rounded distally. The posterior end is also drawn out into a spine. The posterior margin also has a pronounced notch. Similar to other species from the Mesozoic, the notch occupies the entire posterior margin. The ventral margin of the new specimen seems unique with the anterior part being tuberculated. Concerning the raptorial appendages, the new specimen exhibits particular differences in form and armature compared to other thylacocephalans from Mazon Creek. Convexicaris mazonensis and Concavicaris georgeorum have less robust appendages, and they do not display any spines. Due to the significant differences of the new specimen we interpret it as a representative of a new, so far unrecognised species: Eodollocaris keithflinti n. gen., n. sp.Published as part of Laville, Thomas, Haug, Joachim T. & Haug, Carolin, 2021, New species of Thylacocephala, Eodollocaris keithflinti n. gen., n. sp., from the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte, Illinois, United States (c. 307 Ma) and redescription of other Mazon Creek thylacocephalans, pp. 295-310 in Geodiversitas 43 (10) on pages 302-303, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a10, http://zenodo.org/record/474654
FIG. 1 in New species of Thylacocephala, Eodollocaris keithflinti n. gen., n. sp., from the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte, Illinois, United States (c. 307 Ma) and redescription of other Mazon Creek thylacocephalans
No full textFIG. 1. — Mazon Creek Lagerstätte: A, location of the Mazon Creek area; B, map of the Mazon Creek area (adapted from Baird et al. 1986); C, stratigraphy of Mazon Creek area (adapted from Cotroneo et al. 2016).Published as part of Laville, Thomas, Haug, Joachim T. & Haug, Carolin, 2021, New species of Thylacocephala, Eodollocaris keithflinti n. gen., n. sp., from the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte, Illinois, United States (c. 307 Ma) and redescription of other Mazon Creek thylacocephalans, pp. 295-310 in Geodiversitas 43 (10) on page 297, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a10, http://zenodo.org/record/474654
FIGURE 2 in Another strange holometabolan larva from Kachin amber-the enigma of the beak larva (Neuropteriformia)
No full textFIGURE 2. Comparison of drawings of the different beak larvae and other larvae to illustrate possible ontogenetic changes. A,?Partisaniferus edjarzembowskii sp. nov., beak larva 3, SNHM-6013; scale bar on the lower right. B–D, All known beak larvae at the same scale; note that the larva in B has a much larger body size than those in C and D; scale bar between B and D applies to B–D. B, Possible second specimen of?Partisaniferus edjarzembowskii sp. nov., beak larva 2, based on Haug et al. (2022b). C,?Partisaniferus edjarzembowskii sp. nov., beak larva 3, based on this study. D, Partisaniferus atrickmuelleri, beak larva 1, based on Haug et al. (2020e). E. Enlarged version of D; scale bar on the lower right. F and G, Comparison of first and last larval stage of a representative of Nevrorthidae at the same scale; scale bar under G applies to F and G. F, Last larval stage of Nevrorthus sp. based on Gepp (1984). G. First larval stage based on Haug et al. (2019b). H and I, Comparison of first and last larval stage of a representative of Psychopsidae (Psychopsis elegans) at the same scale based on Tillyard (1918); size provided by magnification factor, hence no scale bar provided. H, Last larval stage. I, First larval stage.Published as part of HAUG, JOACHIM T. & HAUG, CAROLIN, 2022, Another strange holometabolan larva from Kachin amber-the enigma of the beak larva (Neuropteriformia), pp. 276-284 in Palaeoentomology 5 (3) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.3.11, http://zenodo.org/record/682074
FIGURE 1 in Another strange holometabolan larva from Kachin amber-the enigma of the beak larva (Neuropteriformia)
No full textFIGURE 1.?Partisaniferus edjarzembowskii sp. nov., beak larva, SNHM-6013, Kachin amber, Myanmar, in dorsal view under different light settings. A, Under unpolarised ring light with black background. B, Under cross-polarised light with black background. C, Colour-marked version of B. D, Under transmitted light. Abbreviations: a2–a8 = abdomen segments 2–8; at = antenna; bk = beak; hc = head capsule; mt = metathorax; pl = palp; pt = prothorax; te = trunk end.Published as part of HAUG, JOACHIM T. & HAUG, CAROLIN, 2022, Another strange holometabolan larva from Kachin amber-the enigma of the beak larva (Neuropteriformia), pp. 276-284 in Palaeoentomology 5 (3) on page 278, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.3.11, http://zenodo.org/record/682074
FIGURE 5 in The earliest record of fossil solid-wood-borer larvae-immature beetles in 99 million-year-old Myanmar amber
No full textFIGURE 5. Fossil wood-borer larva with legs, Cerambycidae?/Buprestidae?, PED 0816. A, Dorsal view. B, Colour-marked version of A. C, Detail of anterior head region (image processed according to Haug et al., 2009). D, Upper part: detail of anterior body region; lower part: colour-marked version of upper part. Abbreviations: a1–a7 = abdomen segments 1–7; fe = femur; hc = head capsule; md = mandible; ms = mesothorax; mt = metathorax; pl = palp; pt = prothorax; st = stemmata; ti = tibiotarsus; tr = trochanter.Published as part of HAUG, CAROLIN, HAUG, GIDEON T., ZIPPEL, ANA, VAN DER WAL, SERITA & HAUG, JOACHIM T., 2021, The earliest record of fossil solid-wood-borer larvae-immature beetles in 99 million-year-old Myanmar amber, pp. 390-404 in Palaeoentomology 4 (4) on page 395, DOI: 10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.4.14, http://zenodo.org/record/550795
Fig. 5 in New details of the enigmatic 100 million years old antlion-like larvae of Ankyloleon (Myrmeleontiformia, Neuroptera)
No full textFig. 5. Late stage larva of Ankyloleon caroluspetrus sp. nov., holotype, PED 2038, continued. A. Closeup of head. B. Close-up of distal part of stylets. C. Close-up on inner edges of stylets with serrations. D. Close-up on possible antenna and dolichaster-like setae with prominent sockets. Abbreviations: at? = possible antenna; se = seta; so = socket. A, D are images under reflected light; B–C are inverted images under transmitted light.Published as part of <i>Haug, Joachim T. & Haug, Carolin, 2023, New details of the enigmatic 100 million years old antlion-like larvae of Ankyloleon (Myrmeleontiformia, Neuroptera), pp. 135-154 in European Journal of Taxonomy 908</i> on page 145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.908.2343, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10200083">http://zenodo.org/record/10200083</a>
Concavicaris Rolfe 1961
No full textGenus Concavicaris Rolfe, 1961 Colpocaris Meek, 1872: 33 (junior homonym of Colpocaris von Meyer, 1862). TYPE SPECIES. — Ceratiocaris (Colpocaris) bradleyi Meek, 1872, from the Waverly formation (Mississipian) of Kentucky, United States. DIAGNOSIS (repeated from Rolfe 1961). — Carapace with a fused hinge line, a rostrum extended anteriorly, a pronounced optic notch, and up to three lateral longitudinal ridges.Published as part of Laville, Thomas, Haug, Joachim T. & Haug, Carolin, 2021, New species of Thylacocephala, Eodollocaris keithflinti n. gen., n. sp., from the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte, Illinois, United States (c. 307 Ma) and redescription of other Mazon Creek thylacocephalans, pp. 295-310 in Geodiversitas 43 (10) on page 298, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a10, http://zenodo.org/record/474654
Central nervous system and muscular bundles preserved in a 240 million year old giant bristletail (Archaeognatha: Machilidae)
No full textAmong the incomparably diverse group of insects no cases of central nervous system (CNS) preservation have been so far described in compression fossils. A third of the fossil insects collected from a 240-239 million year old (Ma) level at Monte San Giorgio UNESCO World Heritage (Switzerland-Italy) underwent phosphatization, resulting in the extraordinary preservation of soft tissues. Here we describe Gigamachilis triassicus gen. et sp. nov. (Archaeognatha: Machiloidea: Machilidae) that, with an estimated total length of ∼80 millimeters, represents the largest apterygote insect ever recorded. The holotype preserves: (i) components of the CNS represented by four abdominal ganglia, optic lobes with neuropils and compound retina; (ii) muscular bundles. Moreover, G. triassicus, possessing morphological features that prompt its assignment to the extant archaeognathan ingroup Machilidae, places the origin of modern lineages to Middle Triassic. Interestingly, at Monte San Giorgio, in the same stratigraphic unit the modern morphology of G. triassicus co-occurs with the ancient one represented by Dasyleptus triassicus (Archaeognatha: †Monura). Comparing these two types of body organization we provide a new reconstruction of the possible character evolution leading towards modern archaeognathan forms, suggesting the acquisition of novel features in a lineage of apterygote insects during the Permian or the Lower Triassic
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