282 research outputs found
Gelasia attariana E. Hatami, Mirtadz. & Ebrahimi 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Gelasia attariana</i> E. Hatami, Mirtadz. & Ebrahimi, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figs. 1A, B, C, D, E & 2). <p> <b>Type</b>:— IRAN. Azerbaijan, southeast of Jolfa, Qeshlaq village, near the waterfall, 38°46.924′ N, 45°47.486′ E, 1940 m a.s.l., 8 Jul 2013, <i>Mirtadzadini 2294</i> (holotype MIR!; isotypes MIR!, TUH!).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>:— <i>Gelasia attariana</i> is similar to <i>G. cinerea</i> and <i>G. wendelboi</i> in its caulescent perennial life form, lanceolate entire leaves with 3–7 parallel veins, tomentose indumentum of phyllaries and glabrous achenes without carpopodium. However, it differs from <i>G. cinerea</i> in its sparse (vs. tomentose) indumentum of stems and leaves, green (vs. greengrey) color of leaves, acuminate (vs. acute) leaf apex, narrowly (vs. broadly) campanulate shape of capitula and longer plant height and higher length/width ratio of leaves as compared to <i>G. cinerea</i>. Please see Table 1 for diagnostic morphological characters between <i>G. attariana</i>, <i>G. cinerea</i> and <i>G. wendelboi</i>.</p> <p>.</p> <p> <b>Description</b>:—Caulescent perennial herb. Rootstock thick, cylindrical, vertical. Root collar without or with few remnants of leaf sheaths. Stems 45–55(–60) cm, numerous, branched from the base, erect or ascending, sparsely pubescent, sulcate, leafy up to inflorescence. Leaves entire, sparsely pubescent, linear to lanceolate, reduced toward stem apex, 10–14 times as long as broad, green or yellow-green, five-nerved, upper stem leaves (6–) 8–10 cm long, lower stem leaves (12–)14–18(–22) cm long. Capitula narrowly campanulate. Phyllaries lanceolate, acute, tomentose, with membranous margin, 14–16 mm long at flowering (Fig. 1C), 21–24 mm long at fruiting (Fig. 1D). Ligules yellow. Achenes 10–12 mm long, glabrous, non-stipitate, conspicuously ribbed, smooth along ribs, cream or pale brown. Pappus 14–15 mm long, pale yellow, bristles plumose below, scabrid above (Fig. 1E).</p> <p> <b>Phenology</b>:—Flowering late June–early July, fruiting July.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>:—The new species name is dedicated to the eminent Iranian botanist, Dr. Farideh Attar, who conducted valuable researches on Asteraceae in Iran.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and habitat</b>:—Based on our findings, <i>G. attariana</i> was found only in its type locality, NW Iran (Fig. 3). This new species is an Irano-Turanian element, growing on rocky slopes in the subalpine zone, at elevations of 1900–1980 m a.s.l. (Figs. 1A, B).</p> <p> <b>Phylogenetic and taxonomic remarks</b>:—In this study, molecular phylogenetic analysis included representatives of all major lineages of subtribe Scorzonerinae as recognized in recent molecular phylogenetic studies (Zaika <i>et al.</i> 2020, Hatami <i>et al.</i> 2022). In total, nrITS sequences of 32 species of Scorzonerinae were included in our analysis as ingroup, of which eight sequences were newly generated, one was from the new species and the others belonged to seven <i>Gelasia</i> species (<i>G. cinerea</i>, <i>G. latifolia</i>, <i>G. persica</i>, <i>G. ramosissima</i>, <i>G. subaphylla</i>, <i>G. wendelboi</i> and <i>G. xylobasis</i>) which are morphologically similar to the new species (Appendix 1, Fig. 4). The aligned DNA matrix comprised of 32 sequences and 749 characters including 55 coded indels, 274 parsimony informative sites and 142 parsimony uninformative sites. Maximum parsimony analysis resulted in 20 most parsimonious trees with a length of 1171, a consistency index of 0.548 and a retention index of 0.690. The majority-rule consensus tree from the Bayesian analysis along with the posterior probabilities (PP) as well as jack-knife support (JK) from MP analysis and bootstrap values (BS) from ML analysis are represented in Fig. 4.</p> <p> The results obtained from our molecular analysis (Fig. 4) demonstrated that the new species (<i>Gelasia attariana</i> SC 37) falls into the strongly supported clade containing members of <i>Gelasia</i> (1 PP, 100 JK, 100 BS). The tree topology is in agreement with our morphological investigations that confirmed the treatment of the new species as a member of <i>Gelasia</i>. Within the <i>Gelasia</i> clade, the new species, <i>G. attariana,</i> was highly supported as sister to the subclade comprising a polytomy of <i>G. cinerea</i>, <i>G. wendelboi</i>, <i>G. persica</i> (Boissier & Buhse 1860: 139) Hatami <i>et al.</i> (2022: 20) and <i>G. xylobasis</i> (Rechinger 1977: 66) Hatami <i>et al.</i> (2022: 20) (1 PP, 97 JK, 99 BS). Therefore, our molecular analysis demonstrated the close relationship of <i>G. attariana</i> with the latter four species and confirmed that <i>G. attariana</i> can be recognized as a species distinct from its close relatives.</p> <p> Consistently, our morphological investigations revealed that <i>G. attariana</i> shares some morphological characters, such as lanceolate entire leaves with 3–7 parallel veins, tomentose indumentum of phyllaries and glabrous achenes without carpopodium, with <i>G. cinerea</i>, <i>G. persica</i>, <i>G. wendelboi</i> and <i>G. xylobasis</i>, members of the subclade that was resolved as sister to <i>G. attariana</i> in our molecular analysis. However, <i>G. attariana</i> is distinguishable from <i>G. cinerea</i> and <i>G. wendelboi</i> by plant height, stem and leaves indumentum type, leaves color, apex of leaves, length/width ratio of leaves, capitula shape and achene and pappus length (Table 1).</p> <p> In comparisons between <i>G. attariana</i>, <i>G. persica</i> and <i>G. xylobasis</i>, it was revealed that the differences in plant height, stem and leaves indumentum type, length/width ratio of leaves and length of achene and pappus are more obvious, since <i>G. persica</i> and <i>G. xylobasis</i> are characterized by a shorter plant height (8–15 cm), tomentose indumentum of stems and leaves, lower length/width ratio of leaves (2–5(–7) times as long as broad), and shorter length of achenes (6–9 cm) and pappus (8–12 cm).</p> <p> Through our morphological examinations of herbarium specimens, we noticed that a population of <i>G. latifolia</i> (Fischer & Meyer 1835: 30) Zaika <i>et al.</i> (2020: 75) (≡ <i>Scorzonera latifolia</i> Fischer & Meyer) collected from NW of Iran (Iran, Azerbaijan, east of Khoi, Seied Tadzadin mountain, 6 Jul 2013, <i>Mirtadzadini 2293</i>, MIR!) was morphologically similar to <i>G. attariana</i> in some vegetative characters including plant height (50–55 cm), shape and length of leaves (linear-lanceolate, 10–16 cm), length/width ratio of leaves (11–14 times as long as broad), and stem and leaves indumentum type (sparsely pubescent). Nevertheless, these two species can be easily distinguished from each other by the presence of densely lanate hairs on achenes of <i>G. latifolia</i> versus glabrous achenes in <i>G. attariana</i>. Besides the above-mentioned species, <i>G. ketzkhovelii</i> (Sosn. ex Grossheim 1934: 240) Zaika <i>et al.</i> (2020: 75) (≡ <i>Scorzonera ketzkhovelii</i> Sosn. ex Grossheim) from the Caucasus and Turkey was recognized as morphologically similar to <i>G. attariana</i> by its caulescent perennial life form, entire leaves with 3–7 parallel veins and glabrous achenes without carpopodium. However, they are different from each other since <i>G. ketzkhovelii</i> is characterized by the velutinous indumentum of stems and leaves, ovate-lanceolate leaves, and glabrous phyllaries compared to the sparse indumentum of stems and leaves, linear-lanceolate leaves and tomentose indumentum of phyllaries in <i>G. attariana</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Ebrahimi, Atefeh, Hatami, Elham, Safavi, Seyed Reza & Mirtadzadini, Mansour, 2023, Gelasia attariana (Scorzonerinae, Cichorieae, Asteraceae), a new species from NW of Iran, inferred from morphological and molecular data, pp. 165-174 in Phytotaxa 597 (2)</i> on pages 167-170, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7929359">http://zenodo.org/record/7929359</a>
FIGURE 4. Bayesian 50 in Gelasia attariana (Scorzonerinae, Cichorieae, Asteraceae), a new species from NW of Iran, inferred from morphological and molecular data
No full textFIGURE 4. Bayesian 50 % majority-rule consensus tree inferred from the nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer dataset. Values above nodes indicate posterior probability (bold) and jack-knife support (italic), and values below nodes indicate bootstrap support. Tip names correspond to species names and GenBank numbers or DNA numbers for newly generated sequences; see Appendix 1 for specimen details. The star corresponds to the monophyletic Gelasia lineage. Gelasia attariana was highlighted by red color.Published as part of Ebrahimi, Atefeh, Hatami, Elham, Safavi, Seyed Reza & Mirtadzadini, Mansour, 2023, Gelasia attariana (Scorzonerinae, Cichorieae, Asteraceae), a new species from NW of Iran, inferred from morphological and molecular data, pp. 165-174 in Phytotaxa 597 (2) on page 171, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/792935
Impact of Hot and Arid Climate on Architecture (Case Study: Varzaneh Jame Mosque)
No full textAbstractGenerally, in architectural literature, scholars argue that there are lots of factors that affect on type of architecture. One of the most important factors is impact of kind of climate on architecture type. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of climatic factors on construction and local architecture in hot and arid regions with special focus on Varzaneh city. A Jame mosque, which is the most important building in the city, is selected for case study. According to the findings in this study, this mosque was climatically designed in accordance with the economic and social context of the region
Coupled adjoint aerostructural wing optimization using quasi-three-dimensional aerodynamic analysis
No full textThis paper presents a method for wing aerostructural analysis and optimization, which needs much lower computational costs, while computes the wing drag and structural deformation with a level of accuracy comparable to the higher fidelity CFD and FEM tools. A quasi-threedimensional aerodynamic solver is developed and connected to a finite beam element model for wing aerostructural optimization. In a quasi-three-dimensional approach an inviscid incompressible vortex lattice method is coupled with a viscous compressible airfoil analysis code for drag prediction of a three dimensional wing. The accuracy of the proposed method for wing drag prediction is validated by comparing its results with the results of a higher fidelity CFD analysis. The wing structural deformation as well as the stress distribution in the wingbox structure is computed using a finite beam element model. The Newton method is used to solve the coupled system. The sensitivities of the outputs, for example the wing drag, with respect to the inputs, for example the wing geometry, is computed by a Ali Elham [email protected] Michel J. L. van Tooren [email protected] 1 Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands 2 McNair Center for Aerospace Research and Innovation, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA combined use of the coupled adjoint method, automatic differentiation and the chain rule of differentiation. A gradient based optimization is performed using the proposed tool for minimizing the fuel weight of an A320 class aircraft. The optimization resulted in more than 10 % reduction in the aircraft fuel weight by optimizing the wing planfor
Advanced Directives in Older Adults with Dementia: Ethical Challenges and Advocacy Role of Nurses
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Corresponding Author: Elham Navab
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Study of the side effects of Docetaxel as chemotherapy medicine on changing the expression of genes of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from patients with breast cancer
No full textThe present study strived to ascertain the side effects of chemotherapy on the pathogenic potential of Enterococcus faecalis (a natural microflora bacteria) isolated from patients with breast cancer. Participants included 400 female sufferers from breast cancer before and after the period of chemotherapy and 400 healthy people living with patients.After RNA extracted from the stool of all the participants, cDNA was constructed. Nineteen virulent genes (vanB, vanA, VanC-3,VanC-2, VanC-1, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, Tet(L), Erm(B), gelE, esp, gyrA,slyA, cylA,cylB,cylM, asa1, aggA, efaA and enlA) of E. faecalis were assessed by Real-Time qPCR. The findings revealed a statistically significant correlation between the expression level of fourteen virulence genes(vanA(p = 0.033), vanB(p = 0.003), VanC-3(p = 0.003), aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia(p = 0.005), Erm(B) (p = 0.008), gelE(p = 0.002), esp(p = 0.0005), gyrA(p = 0.003), slyA(p = 0.001), cylA(p = 0.003), cylB(p = 0.0002), asa1(p = 0.003), aggA(p = 0.003), efaA(p = 0.003))in the group of the sufferers after chemotherapy and the other two groups (P<0.05).Additionally, the observation of patient group after chemotherapy showed an outstanding association between overexpression ofantibiotic resistance genes (vanA, vanB, VanC-3, Erm(B), aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia) and observation of the antibiotic resistance (vancomycin, erythromycin, gentamicin in respectively). Interestingly, while Docetaxel seems to be a suitable medicine to treat breast cancer, it may change the balance of mRNA expression of microflora. These could trigger infections during the cancer chemotherapy
Long-Range Surface Plasmon Polariton Active Structures Based on Optically-Pumped Dye-Doped Polymer Gain Media
No full textSolid state organic gain medium using optically-pumped dye molecules doped in a polymer host is considered as the top cladding of a long-range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) structure to enable active plasmonic devices with interesting applications operating in the near-infrared.The gain media is a thin film of PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate)) doped with ~ 0.9 wt% organic dye molecules of IR-140 and is pump optically using 8 nsec laser pulses at 810 nm to enable stimulated emission by excited dye molecules to the LRSPP mode at ~ 880 nm.The gain media was modeled through rate equations for a four-level energy system, relating the small signal gain coefficient to the dye photo-physical parameters, dye concentration and pump irradiance. Distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and distributed feedback (DFB) lasers were proposed using Bragg reflectors based on modulation of the metal stripe width, forming a stepped-in-width Bragg grating in the LRSPP waveguide. Single mode surface plasmon DFB and DBR lasers were designed at 882 nm, by applying coupled-mode theory and transfer matrix method (TMM).The IR-140 doped PMMA gain medium was experimentally characterized. The maximum available material gain was identified for various pump intensities and two possible pump polarization in the gain media using the variable stripe length (VSL) method. The maximum available material gain agreed well with the theoretical gain modeling performed previously.The DFB lasers and passive Bragg gratings were fabricated in the microfabrication laboratories at Center for Research in Photonics in University of Ottawa. Main fabrication processes included electron beam lithography to create stepped-in-width Bragg grating patterns with sharp corners and edges, with features as small as 150 nm.Passive Bragg gratings were successfully characterized by my colleague showing a clear dip in the transmittance spectra (~ 40%) at the designed Bragg wavelength 882 nm.DFB lasers were characterized and successfully demonstrated a highly narrowed (FWHM ~ 0.2 nm) single mode lasing peak at 882 nm. The mode profile from the DFBs’ output facet was captured by an infrared camera showing a tiny bright spot surrounded with dim spontaneous emission
Multi-fidelity wing aerostructural optimization using a trust region filter-SQP algorithm
No full textA trust region filter-SQP method is used for wing multi-fidelity aerostructural optimization. Filter method eliminates the need for a penalty function, and subsequently a penalty parameter. Besides, it can easily be modified to be used for multi-fidelity optimization. A low fidelity aerostructural analysis tool is presented, that computes the drag, weight and structural deformation of lifting surfaces as well as their sensitivities with respect to the design variables using analytical methods. That tool is used for a mono-fidelity wing aerostructral optimization using a trust region filter-SQP method. In addition to that, a multi-fidelity aerostructural optimization has been performed, using a higher fidelity CFD code to calibrate the results of the lower fidelity model. In that case, the lower fidelity tool is used to compute the objective function, constraints and their derivatives to construct the quadratic programming subproblem. The high fidelity model is used to compute the objective function and the constraints used to generate the filter. The results of the high fidelity analysis are also used to calibrate the results of the lower fidelity tool during the optimization. This method is applied to optimize the wing of an A320 like aircraft for minimum fuel burn. The results showed about 9 % reduction in the aircraft mission fuel burn
Trajectory driven multidisciplinary design optimization of a sub-orbital spaceplane using non-stationary Gaussian process
No full textThis paper presents the multidisciplinary optimization of an aircraft carried sub-orbital spaceplane. The optimization process focused on three disciplines: the aerodynamics, the structure and the trajectory. The optimization of the spaceplane geometry was coupled with the optimization of its trajectory. The structural weight was estimated using empirical formulas. The trajectory was optimized using a pseudo-spectral approach with an automated mesh refinement that allowed for increasing the sparsity of the Jacobian of the constraints. The aerodynamics of the spaceplane was computed using an Euler code and the results were used to create a surrogate model based on a non-stationary Gaussian process procedure that was specially developed for this study.Aerodynamics, Wind Energy & PropulsionAerospace Engineerin
CIM a current inverting metamutator and its application to universal filters among others
No full textMinayi, Elham (Dogus Author) -- Conference full title: 2017 40th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP); Barcelona; Spain; 5 July 2017 through 7 July 2017.A new kind of metamutator namely “Current Inverting Metamutator,” its realizations using different types of active blocks and some of its applications are given in this paper. As a classical application of the metamutator simulation of a memristor and, as an original application, several schemes realizing universal filters are proposed. The post-layout characteristics of both applications, using TSMC 0.13 μm process parameters with ±0.75 V power supply voltage, are presented to confirm the theoretical analysis
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