1,720,970 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The decision and determinants of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer
Get PDFIntroduction: Treatment of stage III colon cancer consists of surgery to remove the tumour followed by ‘adjuvant’ chemotherapy, which serves to eradicate the microscopic cancer cells that cannot be removed by surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy could include therapy with a single agent (a fluoropyrimidine) or in combination with a second medication, known as oxaliplatin. Oxaliplatin offers an additional absolute increase of 3-4% in five-year overall survival and 6-7% in five-year disease-free survival. However, it can also result in a condition called peripheral neuropathy (PN), which can persist and influence quality of life. There is no effective prevention or treatment of PN. Therefore, a modest improvement in survival needs to be balanced against a potential risk of persistent neurotoxicity. The focus of this thesis was onstage III colon cancer, to allow for an understanding of the factors that could influence treatment in a setting where the treatment decision is relatively simple. By contrast, settings where more complicated therapy, such as radiotherapy or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancers, may be required adds to the complexity of the decision-making process and the trade-offs to be considered. Objectives and methods: Four studies were under taken to investigate determinants of adjuvant chemotherapy among this population of patients. First, a systematic review of the literature to determine the prevalence of PN resulting from treatment with oxaliplatin. Second, secondary data analysis to investigate the role of patients’ sex, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and tumour characteristics as determinants of adjuvant chemotherapy and type of chemotherapy received. Third, a qualitative study to investigate how the decision to receive adjuvant chemotherapy and the choice of the type of therapy was made, the nature of the patient-clinician interaction, and what contextual elements may have influenced this interaction. Fourth, a secondary analysis of questions from the National Cancer Patient Experience Survey (NCPES) to determine the extent to which patients perceived being informed about treatment options and side effects, as well as being involved in the treatment decision. Results: PN is likely to persist among 40% of patients at six months, and between 25-30% at twelve months or longer. Those of older age, of minority ethnic groups, and of lower socioeconomic status were less likely to receive combination therapy than those who were of younger age, White ethnicity, or higher socioeconomic status. Most participants in the qualitative study lacked awareness of treatment options and side effects and did not participate in a decision-making process with the clinician to decide on which treatment to receive. The NCPES showed that those who received combination chemotherapy were less likely to be certain when asked whether they knew about side effects and future side effects of treatment compared to those who received single therapy. Conclusion: the decision to receive oxaliplatin for the treatment of stage III colon cancer does not occur through a shared decision-making process. Patients who receive combination chemotherapy are in adequately aware and informed of the likelihood and nature of peripheral neuropathy, which could persist in more than a quarter of patients at least one year after treatment. Group-level variations in the receipt of combination therapy indicates systemic-level inequalities in treatment. A shared decision-making process could increase patients’ awareness of their treatment options and side effects and reduce the inequalities that result from provider biases and system-level factors
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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