265 research outputs found
Iran, main entrance of Tomb of Saadi in Shiraz
No full textIran - Shiraz, tomb of famed poet Saadi 1184-1291, author of Gulistan, The "Nightingale" of ShirazColo
Iran, people gathered at Tomb of Saadi in Shiraz
No full textIran - Shiraz, Tomb of famed poet Saadi 1184-1291, Author of GulistanColorVolume 29, Page
Heritage management and urban development in Iran, case study of Shiraz
No full textPurpose: Large-scale interventions are still the dominant approach in dealing with historic cities in Iran; however, during the last decade there has been a shift towards integrated and decentralised policies and a series of locally based projects were initiated across the country. Political and ideological forces, population growth as well as cultural and heritage consensus are influencing approaches towards urban conservation and heritage management constantly. This paper opens up the urban intervention approaches in the historic core of Shiraz and provides a deeper insight and better understanding of heritage management and regeneration plans in Shiraz as a representative of historic Iranian cities. Design/methodology/approach: The study explains and analyses major urban transformations in Shiraz. The main approaches towards historical city core are identified and the mechanism that shaped these approaches in national and local scale is discussed. This investigation primarily uses qualitative data sources. The study relies on multiple sources of evidence which result in the reliability and validity of the investigation. Therefore, primary sources include original documents, maps and photographs published in documentation for the projects, published and unpublished materials and archives about case study city and secondary sources such as interviews with consultants and authorities as well as residents have been used. Findings: This paper provides a more detailed explanation about several interrelated factors that affected the process of decision and policy making, planning and implementation of city centre interventions during the last two decades. Originality/value: This paper anticipates consequent trends in heritage management in Shiraz and recommends further research areas. The paper can be used to develop a more practical set of recommendations for urban heritage management in Iran.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Heritage & Value
Achaemenid settlements in the Shiraz, Sepidan and Kavar Plains, Iran
No full textIn 2008, for the first time, an archaeological full coverage survey on Shiraz plain and its adjacent plains was conducted under the supervision of the author of this report. As a result of this survey, a different perspective was obtained from the settlements of the ancient period in particular the Achaemenid period from Shiraz plain and its southern plain, Kavar plain, and the northern plain, namely Sepidan plain. In this paper, the archeological sites of the Achaemenid period of these plains are introduced, discussed and evaluated.In 2008, for the first time, an archaeological full coverage survey on Shiraz plain and its adjacent plains was conducted under the supervision of the author of this report. As a result of this survey, a different perspective was obtained from the settlements of the ancient period in particular the Achaemenid period from Shiraz plain and its southern plain, Kavar plain, and the northern plain, namely Sepidan plain. In this paper, the archeological sites of the Achaemenid period of these plains are introduced, discussed and evaluated
A route to school informational intervention for air pollution exposure reduction
No full textA route to school informational intervention for air pollution exposure reduction (Author Accepted Manuscript
Never be silent : publishing & imperialism in Kenya, 1884-1963
No full textSocial communications are central to any social struggle. There is a sizable body of literature from other countries on the use of oral medium, newspapers, books and other forms of communications being used as tools for organising against a powerful enemy, as a training ground for cadres and for clarifying and developing revolutionary theory, ideology, organisation and practice. All this ensures a greater unity among those resisting oppression and exploitation. Thus revolutionary and liberation forces of Bolsheviks in the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of China, and in Vietnam had developed theories and practices of revolutionary publishing as part of their revolutionary work. This has also been the case during anti-colonial and anti-imperialist struggles in Africa, but very little of this has been systematically documented as an aspect of revolutionary communications policy and practice. While the
colonial communications systems have been reasonably well documented, the resistance communication systems remain largely undocumented and ignored. This book is an initial attempt to document this dynamic communications process in Kenya with its external struggles against colonialism and its complex internal struggles with overlaying divisions of race and class, Kenyan and foreign peoples. The main theme emerging from this experience is that people struggling to change their society always find ways of establishing their own system of communicating with the people they lead
and by whom they are led. Their mission of revolution, of change, of peace, of social and economic justice requires that they should never be silent. This was well understood and practised by the liberation forces in Kenya. They
were never silent
Validation of youth physical activity questionnaire (YPAQ) against actigraph GT3X accelerometer among preadolescents and adolescents in urban setting of Karachi, Pakistan
No full textBackground and purpose: Physical activity (PA) is one of the four major modifiable risks and has a fundamental role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. PA pattern established during child hood is an important contributor to sound health in adulthood. Assessment of PA through objective methods is expensive and laborious to implement during surveys; thus, estimates of PA rely on subjective instruments including the Youth Physical Activity Questionnaire (YPAQ). However, these instruments have not been validated in the South Asian population. We aimed to validate a subjective tool that can provide accurate and precise measurement of PA in children to assess trends and effect of impending interventions enhancing PA in sedentary population. Objectives The objectives of this study were to assess validity and reliability of modified version of YPAQ for various intensities of PA and to determine Actigraph optimal thresholds on YPAQ for various durations of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children and youth. Methods PA measured for seven consecutive days through Actigraph GT3X accelerometer on aged 9 to 14 years school going children in urban settings of Karachi. YPAQ administered twice to estimate one week PA, first when Actigraph was attached and subsequently when it was retrieved. Pearson and Spearman rank coefficients were calculated to assess criterion validity and reliability of YPAQ on repeat estimates one week apart. To test the hypothesis, the 95% CIs and p values were calculated with reference to null hypothesized values of 0.5 and 0.7 for validity and reliability respectively. Bland Altman plots constructed to assess mean bias and limits of agreement for all intensities. ROC curve constructed to determine Actigraph optimal threshold on YPAQ for moderate-to-vigorous estimates of YPAQ. To process the accelerometer data Actilife version 6.0 and for all statistical analysis SPSS and Medcalc software were used. Results A total 252 children participated and 234 provided valid accelerometer data. The coefficient for criterion validity of PA on all days was 0.11(95% CIs: -0.02, 0.23) and for MVPA was 0.37, (95% CIs: 0.24, 0.49). The estimate was fair for the youth compare to younger children 0.42, (95% CI: 0.28, 0.53) vs. 0.32, (95% CIs: 0.19, 0.44). Bland Altman plots showed YPAQ over-estimated time spent in total activities and MVPA domain, however under-estimated sedentary and light activities. The sensitivity at 30 and 45 minutes of MVPA daily were 75.3 &59.7% and specificity were56.9&68.4% respectively.The areas under the curve were 0.68 and 0.65 respectively at these cutoffs.Test-re-test coefficients for overall activities was suboptimal 0.54, (95% CI: 0.42, 0.67) and for MVPA wasmoderately strong0.62, (95% CI: 0.49, 0.74). The estimates for these domains were better for youth compare to children 0.64, (95% CI: 0.51, 0.76) vs. 0.57, (95% CI: 0.45, 0.69). Conclusions: YPAQ has limited validity and reliability for overall activities, however has fairvalidity and reliability for MVPA particular for youth. The specificity was fair at 30 and 45 minutes of MVPA daily however,the area under the curve werebelow the desirable ranges. Since no subjective tool has acceptable validity and reliability, therefore YPAQ can be used at large scale complimented with other appropriate tool like activity logs/diaries to reduce inherent source of bias including recall, respondent and social desirability biases .However, a better assessment tool is required for children to get valid and precise estimates. Children spent less time in MVPA, particularly adolescent girls with high adiposity indices- a population most at need for preventive physical activity initiatives
Revitalization Strategies in Iranian Historical City Cores: The Case of Shiraz
No full textThe issue of cultural heritage preservation is more challenging in developing countries than in other parts of the world. In societies eager for progress, the modern European cities are regarded as the most desirable reference for a high quality urban environment. Urban settlement transformation in the developing world was very slow before the industrial revolution but old urban fabrics experienced a significant structural transformation with commercial, economical, social and cultural changes. During the last fifty years, Iran has had numerous experiences in various scales and subjects of urban design in the context of historical city parts, ranging from urban renewal projects to urban regeneration and rehabilitation projects. Most of these have not been actually successful, and unfortunately no lessons have been learned from those failures. The mutual strategic aim in all projects was to reach out into more interesting communities that inhabit the old urban area; these communities can help the whole city to provide better facilities for more residents. This goal would only be achieved by creating a new balance between conservation and development. Urban design strategies that illustrate these specific principles and methods should be developed. This paper attempts to identify major approaches to revitalize Iranian historic cores. It focuses on ways to revitalize traditional structures, patterns and values in the process of regeneration of Shiraz; one of the most historical cities in Iran. It starts with a brief discussion on the history of large-scale interventions in Shiraz and its key stages of transformation. Rehabilitation projects of Sang-e Siah and Shah Cheragh, two major historic neighborhoods in the city center of Shiraz are described and analyzed. The main successful results and policies in these two projects are defined and shortcomings and possible solutions are discussed in the last section.UrbanismArchitectur
Kutahi: A Pottery Neolithic Culture in the Shiraz Plain, Fars, Iran
No full textThe British Council in Shiraz was established in 1960 and Paul Bevan Gotch was appointed as its regional director until 1966. During this time, he regularly met, hosted and corresponded with archaeologists working in the Fars region. These relationships as well as the reports of the archaeological fieldworks conducted on the Fars, especially in the Kor River Basin, inspired Gotch to do some regional surveys on the Persepolis and Shiraz plains. He identified a total of six prehistoric sites on the Shiraz plain, of which the site of Kutahi was one of the most important. As Gotch mentioned this site as being ploughed and regularly bulldozed during his surveys, it is likely that it was later levelled and subsequently vanished forever due to the growth of the city of Shiraz. However, Gotch collected some sherds during his 1966 survey and also during a repeated visit in 1972. The location of the 1966 survey collection is unclear, but the 1972 collection is kept at the Narenjestan museum in Shiraz. Gotch’s notes on the Narenjestan collection show that he has separated some diagnostic sherds for reference as he was aware of the ensuing destruction of the site. This collection kept in a small box was reviewed by the author in 2016. Closer scrutiny shows that Kutahi was a local Pottery Neolithic culture dating to the first half of the sixth millennium BC
A personalized mobility based intervention to promote pro-environmental travel behavior
No full textThe development of effective behavioral change strategies that will convince individuals to voluntarily switch to pro-environmental travel behavior is a core research area for transportation and environmental experts. Personalized travel planning (PTP) is considered as an effective approach that encourages individuals to adopt environmental-friendly travel choices. This paper describes the design and implementation of a PTP intervention that was developed based on the persuasive techniques and the stage model of self-regulated behavior change (SSBC). Based on the recorded travel diary of the individuals, web-based customized pro-environmental travel plans were suggested along with pro-environmental and pro-healthy impacts. The effectiveness was assessed by comparing the travel behavior along with consequences before and after the implemented intervention. Significant differences were observed in an individual travel behavior regarding car dependency and active mobility with an effect size of 0.28 and 0.45 (Cohen's d) respectively. On an average, 4.25 percentage points decrease in CO2 emission and 6.10 percentage point increase in physical activity level per individual was found due to their change in travel behavior. Stage analysis of the individual travel behavior revealed that the implemented PTP intervention triggers an individual's transition towards more action-oriented stages in this behavior change process. Based on the results, it is concluded that intervention is effective to promote pro-environmental and pro-healthy travel choices and can bring higher benefits when implemented on a broader level.This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 689954. This paper reflects the authors views. The European Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.Adnan, M (corresponding author), Hasselt Univ, Transportat Res Inst IMOB, Agoralaan, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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