1,721,015 research outputs found
Heisei Yakuza : Burst Bubble and Botaiho("ISS-O. U. P. Prize" Winning Article
Full text link本論は,1989年に「昭和」という時代が終ったあとに生じた,ヤクザ(暴力団)の企業活動の発展を探るものである.平成以降,ヤクザは,彼らの経済環境に大きな影響をあたえた二つの出来事と格闘してきた.その出来事とは,バブル経済の崩壊と1992年の暴対法(「暴力団員による不当な行為の防止等に関する法律」)の施行である.バブル崩壊以後の経済不況のもとで,ヤクザは金になる事業を奪われたが,その分他の手段で補った.暴対法は,合法とされたヤクザの行為に新しい規制を加えたため,従来の行為による事業は高くつくことになったが,団員たちは新しい収入源の開拓に向うようになった.とりわけ,バブル経済と暴対法のダブルパンチヘの対応として増えたのが,覚せい剤取引や窃盗団であった.本論は,経済的な困難が長引くと,これまで彼らの世界を安定させてきた組織内あるいは組織間のメカニズムが弱体化するであろうという結論を導く.This paper explores developments in the business activities of the yakuza/boryokudan (Japan\u27s organized crime syndicates) following the end of the Showa period in 1989. Since then, the yakuza have had to contend with two events which have had profound effects on their economic environment : the collapse of Japan\u27s bubble economy right at the beginning of the new era, and the introduction of the boryokudan countermeasures law (Botaiho) in 1992. Whilst post-bubble economic stagnation has deprived the yakuza of many lucrative opportunities, it has compensated them with others. The Botaiho, by imposing new restrictions on formerly legal yakuza activities, made these sources of income more costly and thereby similarly forced gang-members to develop new sources of income. In particular, amphetamine dealing and organized theft rings have grown in response to the \u27double punch\u27of the bubble and the Botaiho. The paper concludes by suggesting that the continuing economic hardship faced by the yakuza is weakening the intraand inter-organizational mechanisms by which they have tried to stabilize their world
Effects of light and dark adaptation on S-potentials of the carp under artificial respiration.
No full textTransition of microelectrode for the retinal research(Issue Commemorating the Directorship of Prof. Yoko HASHIMOTO, at the Department of Physiology)
No full text1957年から始めた40年間の私の研究生活の中で,一番厄介だったのは,研究に適したガラス微小電極の作製である.網膜を構成する細胞は比較的小さいので,単一細胞の光応答を細胞内から記録するために用いられるガラス毛細血管超微小電極は,その先端直径0.1μm以下,シャンクの長さは20mm以上,3M KClの中での電極抵抗は200MΩ以上のものが必要という,当時としては非常に厳しい条件のものであった.シャンクが長い電極に電解質を充填する時,シャンク部分の気泡がなかなか抜けず,100本の電極を引いて使用可能なのは10本位という効率の悪さで,当時は電極作製にほぼ午前中が費やされるという状態であった.フィラメント入り(オメガ・ドット型)の毛細管が市販されるようになってこの問題はやっと解決したのである.網膜の研究に使用される微小電極は,応答記録の面からは細胞外,細胞内,パッチクランプ用に大別することができるが,素材面からは金属電極とガラス毛細管電極に大別できる
“Ionic transport and cell function” Preface
No full text東京女子医科大学学会 第279回例会 平成元年6月8日（木）午後4時半～6時半 会場 東京女子医科大学臨床講堂I
Studies on the transfusion in experimental animals. : Ⅲ The electrecardiographic consideration of the effect of the transfusion on acute hemorrhagic shock.
No full text"Basic research and clinical application of gene engineering"Preface
No full text東京女子医科大学学会第272回例会 昭和62年11月12日 東京女子医科大学臨床講堂
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Regular Mosaics of Gap Junctionally Connected Bipolar Cells, Amacrine Cells and Ganglion Cells in the Color-Coded Retina of Japanese Dace(Issue Commemorating the Directorship of Prof. Yoko HASHIMOTO, at the Department of Physiology)
No full textHarosi and Hashimoto (1983) demonstrated the presence of four types of color-sensitive cone photoreceptor cells (i.e. red-, green-, blue- and ultraviolet-sensitive cones) in the retina of Japanese dace (Tribolodon hakonensis), based on the absorption spectra of their outer segments with microspectrophotometry. The results suggest that well-developed color discrimination is processed in the teleost. The four types of cone photoreceptors are distributed in a regular row mosaic where rows of double cones and single cones are mutually arranged in the peripheral retina (Maehara et al., 1997) . In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate green-sensitive cones in the dace retina, using a specific monoclonal antibody against turtle cone opsin protein (Gaur et al., 1988; Ohtsuka and Kawamata, 1990). Two types of cones were immunopositive: one was the short member of the double cones, which was mutually arranged in the row of double cones, and the other was a single cone which was distributed in the row of single cones and between immunonegative long member of the double cones. These results suggest that the morphological mosaics of cones represent a functional arrangement for the absorption of color signals in cones, in order to perform color discrimination in the dace retina. Color signals of cones are vertically conveyed via retinal bipolar cells to retinal ganglion cells. Retinal amacrine cells laterally modify the excitatory vertical pathway in the inner plexiform layer. The present study was further taken to analyze the distribution of bipolar cells, amacrine cells and ganglion cells of the dace with relation to the regular row arrangement of cone photoreceptors. Homotypic gap junctions between these retinal cells were identified by intracellular injection of biotinylated compound, biocytin or Neurobiotin and electron microscopy. The present study demonstrated that gap junctionally connected retinal neurons are distributed in a regular mosaic. Quantitative analysis of cell distribution showed that OFF-center bipolar cells were more regularly arranged than ON-center cells. Three types of tip-contact amacrine cells: transient ON-OFF, sustained depolarizing and sustained hyperpolarizing, possessed regular mosaics arranged hexagonally, while two types of cross-contact amacrine cells: sustained depolarizing and sustained hyperpolarizing, were distributed in another regular mosaic. Three types of alpha-like large ganglion cells: sustained center-ON, sustained center-OFF and transient ON-OFF, were regularly distributed in a hexagonal array. These results show that bipolar cells, amacrine cells and ganglion cells of the dace are regularly arranged so that spatial information in the form of visual signals can be relayed from color-sensitive cone photoreceptors to visual centers of the brain
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