35 research outputs found
A Literature Review on the Use of Expert Opinion in Probabilistic Risk Analysis
No full textRisk assessment is part of the decision
making process in many fields of discipline, such as
engineering, public health, environment, program management,
regulatory policy, and finance. There has been considerable
debate over the philosophical and methodological treatment
of risk in the past few decades, ranging from its definition
and classification to methods of its assessment.
Probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) specifically deals with
events represented by low probabilities of occurring with
high levels of unfavorable consequences. Expert judgment is
often a critical source of information in PRA, since
empirical data on the variables of interest are rarely
available. The author reviews the literature on the use of
expert opinion in PRA, in particular on the approaches to
eliciting and aggregating experts' assessments. The
literature suggests that the methods by which expert
opinions are collected and combined have a significant
effect on the resulting estimates. The author discusses two
types of approaches to eliciting and aggregating expert
judgments-behavioral and mathematical approaches, with the
emphasis on the latter. It is generally agreed that
mathematical approaches tend to yield more accurate
estimates than behavioral approaches. After a short
description of behavioral approaches, the author discusses
mathematical approaches in detail, presenting three
aggregation models: non-Bayesian axiomatic models, Bayesian
models, and psychological scaling models. She also discusses
issues of stochastic dependence
A literature review on the use of expert opinion in probabilistic risk analysis
No full textRisk assessment is part of the decision making process in many fields of discipline, such as engineering, public health, environment, program management, regulatory policy, and finance. There has been considerable debate over the philosophical and methodological treatment of risk in the past few decades, ranging from its definition and classification to methods of its assessment. Probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) specifically deals with events represented by low probabilities of occurring with high levels of unfavorable consequences. Expert judgment is often a critical source of information in PRA, since empirical data on the variables of interest are rarely available. The author reviews the literature on the use of expert opinion in PRA, in particular on the approaches to eliciting and aggregating experts'assessments. The literature suggests that the methods by which expert opinions are collected and combined have a significant effect on the resulting estimates. The author discusses two types of approaches to eliciting and aggregating expert judgments-behavioral and mathematical approaches, with the emphasis on the latter. It is generally agreed that mathematical approaches tend to yield more accurate estimates than behavioral approaches. After a short description of behavioral approaches, the author discusses mathematical approaches in detail, presenting three aggregation models: non-Bayesian axiomatic models, Bayesian models, andpsychological scaling models. She also discusses issues of stochastic dependence.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,ICT Policy and Strategies,Public Health Promotion,Enterprise Development&Reform,Statistical&Mathematical Sciences,ICT Policy and Strategies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Statistical&Mathematical Sciences,Science Education,Scientific Research&Science Parks
Solid-phase synthesis of fluorescent analogues of Park's nucleotide, lipid I and lipid II
No full textSolid-phase modular synthesis of fluorescent analogues of Park's nucleotide, lipid I and II, is described. The Fmoc protected lysine side chain of resin-bound intermediates were selectively modified by various fluorescent groups. This is the first example of solid-phase synthesis of these compounds. This synthetic strategy allows the preparation of various fluorescent probes for investigating the mechanisms of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd
Formation of layered structure porous-type anodic alumina films locally with a solution flow-type micro-droplet cell
No full textA solution flow-type micro-droplet cellwith co-axial dual capillary tubes (Sf-MDC) was applied to formporous-type anodic alumina film with layered structure at selected areas on aluminum. The anodizing process with different repetition numbers, yielding different oxide layer numbers, was performed with the Sf-MDC. The investigation of cross sections of the formed oxide showed that the pore diameter widened at the boundary between layers. From a simulated anodizing process with the Sf-MDC, the reason for this modification of the pores was suggested to be intermittent anodizing with processes of drying up of the solution of the pores and widening at the bottom of the pores. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Stacking and translation of microscopic particles by means of 2×2 beams emitted from a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser array
No full textCopyright 2003 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Applied Physics Letters, 82(18), 2969-2971, 2003 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.157093
Discovery of Oxysterol-Derived Pharmacological Chaperones for NPC1: Implication for the Existence of Second Sterol-Binding Site
No full textSummaryNiemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) is a polytopic endosomal membrane protein required for efflux of LDL-derived cholesterol from endosomes, and mutations of this protein are associated with Niemann-Pick disease type C, a fatal neurodegenerative disease. At least one prevalent mutation (I1061T) has been shown to cause a folding defect, which results in failure of endosomal localization, leading to a loss-of-function phenotype. Here, we show that several oxysterols and their derivatives act as pharmacological chaperones; binding of these compounds to I1061T NPC1 corrects the localization/maturation defect of the mutant protein. Further, these compounds alleviate intracellular cholesterol accumulation in patient-derived fibroblasts, suggesting that they may have therapeutic potential. These oxysterol derivatives bind to a domain of NPC1 that is different from the known N-terminal sterol-binding domain; i.e., there is an additional sterol-binding site on NPC1
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of small intestine with aberrant T-cell marker expression
No full textFollicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is an uncommon neoplasia usually occurring in lymphoid tissue. Herein is present a case of FDCS of the small intestine with positivity for T-cell antigen, simulating T-cell lymphoma. An 82-year-old man consulted a doctor for epigastric pain of one-week duration. Imaging study revealed a mass in the small intestine. Malignant lymphoma was suspected because of high serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and resection of the tumor was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was comprised of large pleomorphic cells with reactive small lymphocytes. Most of the nuclei of the tumor cells were round or ovoid-shaped, and some of the tumor cells also showed spindle-shaped nuclei. Although the tumor cells were diffusely positive for CD45RO and CD4 immunohistochemically, negativity for pan-T-cell markers and CD56 were unusual for T-cell lymphoma of intestinal origin. Additional immunohistochemical study demonstrated that the tumor cells were positive for follicular dendritic cell markers including CD23, CD35 and CAN.42, and diagnosis of FDCS was made. To our knowledge, this is the first case of FDCS aberrantly expressing CD45RO, and FDCS expressing T-cell markers can be a pitfall for diagnosis of FDCS
Beneficial effects of a new neuroprotective compound in neuronal cells and MPTP-administered mouse model of Parkinson's disease
No full textA new compound, a derivative of 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N-phenyl benzamide bearing an 8 ''-methylimidazopyridine moiety, is found to demonstrate neuroprotective effects by preventing cell death caused by oxidative stress. The compound possesses high solubility and metabolic stability, and inhibits MPTP-induced effects in vivo, indicating high potential as a therapeutic drug for Parkinson's disease. A new compound, a derivative of 3,4,5-trimethoxy-N-phenyl benzamide bearing an 8 ''-methylimidazopyridine moiety, is found to demonstrate neuroprotective effects by preventing cell death caused by oxidative stress
Phenanthridin-6-one derivatives as the first class of non-steroidal pharmacological chaperones for Niemann-Pick disease type C1 protein
No full textRelationships between Physical Therapist School Students’ Grit and Vocational Identity Scale Scores
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