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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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How Does Climate Change Adaptation and Carbon Price Policy Affect Forested Landscapes? An Empirical Analysis of Forest Management under Climate Change on the U.S. West Coast
No full textPrivate forest landowners can adapt to climate change by altering their timing and intensity of harvests, by changing thinning or fertilizing activities, and by altering the tree species growing on their land. The well-being of humans is closely tied to the ecosystem services that forests provide as both market and non-market goods and services, including timber, recreation and tourism, carbon sequestration, wildlife species habitat, erosion control, and water purification. Adaptation by forest landowners to climate change can result in changes in a number of ecosystem service provisions. For example, a change in tree species composition and age class structure of forests could lead to degradation and loss of habitat for existing wildlife species; switching to different tree species could change the carbon sequestration rates; and market timber prices could adjust as a dominant tree species is replaced by other species and its market supply declines.There are many who advocate for a policy intervention in forestry in response to climate change, as forests mitigate greenhouse gas emissions as a major carbon sink. The climate mitigation policy of carbon pricing uses a forest’s capacity as a carbon sink to help internalize the negative externalities resulting from climate change. Since different tree species sequester different amounts of carbon at different rates, carbon prices alter incentives for private forest management, potentially resulting in either accelerating adaptation or pushing back. Despite the potential consequences of adaptation behaviors on ecosystem services, there has been little empirical analysis on how climate change and mitigation policy can affect adaptation behavior. Examining how mitigation policies affect adaptation behavior has important policy implications when the mitigation policy has the potential to create other externalities such as endangering existing wildlife species whose habitat may be altered by changes in forest management resulting from both climate change and mitigation policy.My dissertation conducts an empirical micro-econometric analysis of private landowners’ forest management decisions under climate change in California, Oregon, and Washington. The study area consists of diverse climate conditions and some of the most productive forests in the world. I address the following primary research questions: (1) How will the forested landscape evolve over time as humans adapt to a changing climate?; (2) How will climate mitigation policy affect adaptation behaviors?; (3) What is the impact of adaptation on existing wildlife species habitat?; and (4) What is the impact of adaptation on natural disturbances such as fire? Chapter 2 provides the conceptual framework for my approach with an emphasis on commonly used forest management practices, followed by an empirical econometric approach grounded in natural resource economic theory regarding forest management. In Chapter 3, I estimate a nested-logit econometric model for forest management practices while accounting for the simultaneous nature of harvest and replanting decisions, as well as the impact of natural disturbance occurrence on management decisions. In Chapter 4, the estimated discrete-choice econometric model is used as the basis for a dynamic simulation of the time-path of landscape change under both climate change and carbon price scenarios. In the western portion of the Pacific Northwest, I find that landowners shift out of their current dominant tree species choice of Douglas-fir to other tree species more suitable for the future climate, notably hardwood and ponderosa pine. For example, climate change discourages a harvested plot being replanted with Douglas-fir in western Oregon and Washington by 20-65 percentage points relative to a no-climate-change baseline, resulting in the landscape shifting away from the current Douglas-fir forests towards other forest types. My results also indicate that the discrete effect of climate change on the probability of that the stock of forest types changes is 6 percentage points for current Douglas-fir forests in western Oregon, which indicates that the climate path in the next 90 years will add 6 percentage points to the probability of the current Douglas-fir forests switching to different forest types. The discrete effect on the current stock of hardwood forestland is to reduce the probability of switching out of hardwoods by 13 percentage points.The results also imply that a carbon price policy would further accelerate such adaptation behaviors, where carbon pricing has a larger effect on the adaptation away from Douglas-fir than the effects of climate change. For example, the discrete effect of carbon pricing on the probability of switching the current Douglas-fir forest to other forest types is an additional 10 percentage points. The effect of a carbon price on landscape change could necessitate an additional policy intervention to counteract the impact on wildlife species from the landscape’s more rapidly changing habitat. Chapter 6 discusses the impact on wildlife species that have been listed as concerned species by state agencies, with a particular focus on seven “habitat specialists” who have narrow habitat preferences associated with particular forest types. I present changes in their habitat across ecoregions, as well as across the entire habitat range and by states. The direction and magnitude of change vary considerably across regions. The effect of climate change shows that some species gain from climate change (e.g., ringtail), while many others lose. The direction and degree of impact of climate change also vary considerably across regions. The carbon price intensifies the change by inducing additional habitat change through forest management. In Chapter 7, I focus on the effects of climate adaptation on natural disturbance with a distinction between the impact of climate change and the impact of the carbon price scheme. My finding illustrates the mechanism as to why natural disturbance increases in some regions while decreasing in others. I also discuss how the burn severity of wildfires can increase under climate change.My empirical approach combines fine-scale econometric and simulation methods that use recently observed forest management behaviors to estimate a model that serves as the basis for projecting changes in forest management. My framework is developed to reflect forest landowners’ decision-making as observed in recent years. The econometric estimation accounts for the simultaneous nature of various forest management choices and different channels with which climate affects the forest landscape both directly through changes in growing conditions and indirectly through deliberate modifications of forests. The simulation framework treats natural disturbance events as endogenous as landowners’ harvest and replanting decisions affect disturbance outcomes, and the possibility of natural disturbance affects management. The simulation tracks forest attributes such as stand volume and incremental growth, depending on the landowners’ decisions as to the timing and intensity of harvest, as well as replanting choice.The simulated growth of the forest stock is a key determinant that affects the landowner’s decision as the simulation progresses through time. Another novel feature of the simulation is that it allows me to model different policy scenarios because management decisions are explicit functions of forest rents. This allows me to differentiate landscape outcomes into separate components, such as the impact of climate change and the impact from carbon price policy. Private forestland today is formed by deliberate landowners’ decisions in addition to natural processes that affect tree species. Management decisions are affected by site conditions, climate, market conditions, and policy factors. My simulation approach contributes by incorporating interactions between these intertwining factors in a manner that enhances understanding about the impact of climate change on forested landscapes. By providing the time paths of landscape change with a focus on the policy of carbon pricing (Chapter 5), wildlife species conservation (Chapter 6), or natural disturbance occurrence (Chapter 7), my dissertation will offer foundational information to policy makers and natural resource managers about the state of forest landscape change under climate change and climate mitigation policy.In a broad sense, this dissertation uses empirically-driven models to highlight the interplay between climate change, landowner adaptation, carbon prices, natural disturbance, and the spatially heterogeneous biophysical climate conditions in the study area. Although previous studies have examined each component separately, the role of adaptation behavior as the intermediate link that connects climate change and landscape change needs more attention in the literature. The methodology developed in this dissertation could also apply to other economic analyses of policy outcomes at the intersection of land use, land-use change, ecosystem services, climate change, and human well-being to help us better understand the feedback between human behavior, the environment, and long-term sustainability of natural resources. This dissertation research contributes by improving our understanding of the consequences of climate change and climate policies on adaptation behavior in a manner that provides a foundation for improved policy design that balances the needs of people and environmental values.Keywords: Climate Change, Adaptation, Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity, Land-use Modelin
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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