81 research outputs found
Historical Change of Sound “b” in Kalhori Dialect of Kurdish Language
No full textRecorded languages have always been one of the main tools for inquiry about ancient times and their relationships with Present. In this study Kalhori, a subdialect of Kurdish, is investigated under the assumption of retaining one of the original initial sounds of words i.e. /w/ in Old Persian’s morphological system. The significant point in doing this is the fact of substituting this sound with /b/ in earlier times before transiting to Pahlavi and Dari Period. Though this sound shifted to / b/ whenever occurred to be the first sound of a word, Kalhori has retained it not only in that position in original Kurdish terms, but also substituted /b/ with /w/ within other areas of borrowed words under specific rules to utilize Dari words in Kurdish conversations. This process is not specified for nouns, other grammatical classes also retained the same change.Key words: Kurdish; Kalhori; Sound change; Ancient time
The New Generation and Identity Formation: The Role of Social Media in Identification Processes
No full textAbstract
With the emergence and proliferation of social media, identity has become a more fluid and fragmented phenomenon. As society and the family are no longer the sole determining sources of identity, the processes of identity formation and identification, particularly among youth, are undergoing a significant transformation. This paper examines and analyzes youth identity and the identification process resulting from social media use. The study employed a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured in-depth interviews with 17 young individuals. The findings from the interviews, extracted and analyzed through thematic analysis, demonstrated four main themes: "value and belief gap," "media-oriented lifestyle," "problematization of the self," and "transformation of interactions." These were supported by twelve sub-themes: "transformation in religious beliefs and opinions," "transformation in political beliefs and opinions," "disinterest in domestic official media," "trend-driven living," "media-oriented interests and goals," "opportunity for freedom of action," "opportunity for self-reinvention," "context for pretense," "possibility of self-identification," "opportunity for identification with others," "formation of superficial friendships," and "decline of face-to-face interactions." According to the findings, the younger generation, under the influence of social media and confronted with a multitude of information and ideas, encounters diverse ways of answering the fundamental question of "who am I?" In this process of identification, they actively engage in identity-seeking, often navigating a fragmented and fluid sense of self.
Extended Abstract:
Introduction
During the last century, extensive structural, functional, and semantic changes—driven by processes such as the emergence of modernity, the proliferation of information and communication technologies, and postmodern developments—have led to comprehensive and profound normative and value shifts in people's lifestyles. A concrete manifestation of this is the influence on youth, who are considered "the first adopters of new technologies" (Zimles, 2012, p. 4). They are particularly affected by the transformation of traditional conditions and frameworks surrounding identity and identification.
Identity serves as a source of "meaning and experience" for members of society (Castells, 2001, p. 22) and is a necessary condition for social life; without it, "society will not exist" (Jenkins, 2002, pp. 8-9). In traditional societies, individual identity was formed and stabilized through an integrative semantic order that encompassed all societal groups. Today, however, the rise of self-awareness, stemming from the conditions and characteristics of modern life, has called previous conceptions of identity and the identification process into question. This has, in turn, created the foundation for diverse and ongoing processes of identity development and reproduction.
In contemporary societies, particularly developing nations, one of the most significant issues confronting the new generation is that of identity and its evolving identification processes. These processes manifest diversely across life domains, including attitudes toward marriage, patterns of sexual interaction, religious beliefs, employment, lifestyle, and leisure time.
From the perspective of social theorists such as Giddens and Castells, an individual's identity and their subsequent actions in society are a function of their sources for identity formation. Consequently, the primary distinction of the new generation, compared to previous ones, lies in the very process and sources of identification. This generation actively seeks to discover, construct, and sustain their identity. They cannot rely on an identity that is merely ascribed, inherited, or based on traditional status; instead, they forge a self-made identity. They have not passively accepted the identity assigned to them by society at birth and do not consider it their own.
Objective:
In the current research, identity is conceptualized as the experiences and meanings that individuals or groups derive in response to the question of "who they are." This sense of identity forms the basis for their distinctions from, and similarities with, others. This study specifically examines youth identity and the identification process as a consequence of social media use. In this regard, the research aims to answer the following questions:
Research Questions:
What are youths' perceptions of social media?
What role does social media play in their identification processes and identity construction?
How do youth represent themselves on social media as part of their identity-finding process?
Methodology:
Data were collected using a qualitative approach, employing semi-structured interviews. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and consisted of 17 youths (10 female, 7 male). The selection criteria required individuals to have at least three years of social media experience, maintain active accounts on a minimum of two platforms, and engage with them daily. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results
The thematic analysis of the interviews identified four main themes—"value and belief gap," "media-oriented lifestyle," "problematization of the self," and "transformation of interactions"—along with twelve supporting sub-themes. These sub-themes were: transformation in religious beliefs and opinions; transformation in political beliefs and opinions; disinterest in domestic official media; trend-driven living; media-oriented interests and goals; opportunity for freedom of action; opportunity for self-reinvention; context for pretense; possibility of identification with oneself; opportunity for identification with others; formation of superficial friendships; and the erosion of face-to-face interactions.
Conclusion
Based on the interview responses, the transformation and divergence in youth beliefs and values resulting from social media access play a major role in their re-evaluation of religious and political thought. This has led to a sense of detachment from traditional religious beliefs, fostering a selective, rather than adaptive, approach to religious and political identities and markers. Furthermore, the mediatization of various life aspects has created new imperatives for youth, particularly concerning lifestyle, to the extent that selecting a distinctive lifestyle has become a core component of their identity formation.
Young people express their identity through lifestyle choices that are often media-oriented and diverge from prevailing societal values and norms. Furthermore, based on interviewees' statements, the restrictions, contradictions, and official norms in society make it difficult for youth to express themselves freely in real-world environments, including within the family. In contrast, social media provides a platform to achieve this self-expression, offering an opportunity for freedom of action, visibility, and self-reinvention, including self-idealization and identification with oneself and others. A significant finding from this research is a shift in youth interaction patterns, characterized by the formation of superficial friendships and a devaluation of face-to-face communication.
According to the findings, the younger generation, influenced by media and confronted with a multitude of information and ideas, encounters diverse pathways for answering the fundamental question of "who am I?" In this process of identification, they actively engage in identity-seeking, navigating a fragmented and fluid sense of self
The Relationship Between Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Depression in Female University Students Involved in Romantic Relationships: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Problems
No full textThe purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of interpersonal problems in the relationship between emotion regulation strategies and depression in female students who were in romantic relationships. The research method was descriptive-correlational based on the research hypotheses. The sample of 317 participants were selected from all single female university students in Tehran province in the academic year of 1397-98 who had been in a romantic relationship for at least two months. The measurement tools used in the research were cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire, depression scale, and interpersonal problems scale. The results were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).The results showed that emotion regulation strategies (adaptive/ maladaptive) with standardized coefficient of -0.04 and 0.10 respectively, had significant effect on depression by the mediation of interpersonal problems (p < 0.05). Based on the results, low adaptive emotion regulation strategies and high maladaptive emotion regulation strategies by the mediation of interpersonal problems could contribute to an increase in the symptoms of depression
Ren zhi yu yan ji neng dui Yilang er tong Bosi yu he Alabo yu du xie neng li de ying xiang
No full textM.Phil.This thesis portfolio consists of two manuscripts that investigate the relations among cognitive-linguistic skills (phonological awareness, rapid letter naming, morphological awareness, and orthographic skills) and reading and writing and vocabulary knowledge across Iranian second grade students. The studies had three main purposes. First, I examined the contributions of phonological awareness, rapid letter naming, morphological awareness, and orthographic skills to reading and dictation in Persian after controlling verbal and nonverbal IQ (Study 1). Second, I looked at the unique transferability of young children’s skills in Persian (L1) to reading Arabic (L2). Third, I sought to identify the unique contributions of phonological awareness, rapid letter naming, morphological awareness, and orthographic skills to vocabulary knowledge in Persian and Arabic (Study 2).In study 1, we tested 79 second grade students in Iran on measures of rapid letter naming, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, orthographic skills, vocabulary knowledge, nonverbal reasoning, word reading, and word dictation. The hierarchical regression model showed that rapid letter naming and phonological awareness were uniquely associated with word reading in Persian beyond verbal and nonverbal reasoning. In addition, rapid letter naming, phonological awareness, and morphological awareness uniquely predicted word dictation in Persian after statistically controlling the effects of verbal and nonverbal reasoning.In study 2, in order to identify the transferability of cognitive-linguistic skills in Persian to word reading in Arabic, we examined 79 Iranian second grade students. To this end, we assessed students’ Persian skills in rapid letter naming, phonological awareness, morphological awareness, orthographic skills, vocabulary knowledge, and IQ and word reading in Arabic. For the second part of the study, we assessed vocabulary knowledge in Arabic. The regression results showed that phonological awareness was uniquely associated with word reading in Arabic after statistically controlling the effects of cognitive ability and vocabulary. In addition, we found that morphological awareness was significantly associated with vocabulary knowledge in Persian and Arabic.This portfolio emphasizes the importance of phonological awareness in Persian and Arabic word reading as well as Persian dictation. Further, these findings have important practical implications for extending previous findings in the field of early literacy to the first and second language.本论文包括两篇有关伊朗二年级学生认知-语言技能(语音意识、快速字母命名、语素意识和正字法技能)与阅读、写作和词汇之间关系的研究。该研究有三个主要目的。首先，在控制了语言和非语言智力之后，我研究了语音意识、快速字母命名、语素意识和正字法技能对波斯语阅读和听写的贡献(研究1)。其次，我研究了幼儿从波斯语(L1)到阿拉伯语(L2)阅读技能的独特转换能力。第三，我试图找出语音意识、快速字母命名、语素意识和正字法技巧对波斯语和阿拉伯语词汇知识的独特影响(研究2)。在研究1中，我们对伊朗79名二年级学生进行了快速字母命名、语音意识、语素意识、正字法技能、词汇知识、非语言推理、单词阅读和单词听写等测试。层次回归模型表明，除了语言和非语言推理外，快速的字母命名和语音意识与波斯语单词阅读有着独特的关联。此外，快速的字母命名、语音意识和语素意识在控制了语言和非言语智力之后依然预测波斯语单词听写能力。在研究2中，为了确定波斯语认知语言技能向阿拉伯语单词阅读能力的迁移，我们调查了79名伊朗二年级学生。为此，我们评估了学生在快速字母命名、语音意识、形态意识、正字法技能、词汇知识、智力和阿拉伯语单词阅读方面的波斯语技能。在研究的第二部分，我们评估了阿拉伯语词汇知识。回归结果表明，在控制了认知能力和词汇知识以后，语音意识与阿拉伯语单词阅读之间存在独特的相关关系。此外，我们发现语素意识与波斯语和阿拉伯语词汇知识显著相关。本研究强调了语音意识在波斯语和阿拉伯语单词阅读以及波斯语听写中的重要性。此外，这些发现对于将早期读写领域的发现扩展到第一和第二语言具有重要的实践意义。Mohseni, Fateme.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2019.Includes bibliographical references.Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 5, May 2021).Mohseni, Fateme
The horoscope of Iskandar Sultan
No full textIn the spring of 1980, the author was asked to prepare a catalogue of the Persian manuscripts preserved in the library of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. During preliminary stages of this work a remarkable manuscript came to light which is the subject of the present article. This is the personal horoscope of Iskandar Sultan, the grandson of Tīmūr (d. 807/1405). Iskandar ruled in Fars, South West Iran, for five years from 1409 to 1414. He is best known for his interest in the arts and sciences and for his patronage of manuscript production.</jats:p
Exploring Aphasia in Kalhori
No full textObjectives: Despite numerous studies conducted to explore the manifestations of aphasia in different languages of the world, language-specific patterns of aphasic patients in Kalhori as a southern dialect of Kurdish spoken in part of Kermanshah Province, Iran, remains largely unpacked. The present study aims at investigating language deficits of a forty-year-old Kurdish-Persian aphasic woman, here F. D., who was diagnosed with Broca’s aphasia.
Methods: To assess her linguistic competence, and more particularly, her knowledge of syntax and semantics, we administered a modified version of the Bilingual Aphasia Test in Kalhori.
Results: Although she showed severe deficits in almost all modalities and levels examined, results indicated definiteness, prepositions and verb agreement with the subject as the most problematic areas.
Discussion: While impairments to do with prepositions and parts of speech are expected features of aphasic patients, as far as the assessment of verbal morphology of Kalhori is concerned, results seem to replicate the results achieved by Nilipour et al. (2001) researching Persian bilingual aphasics. 
Another look at inheritance of uniform continuity of 1-dimensional aggregation functions by their super-additive transformations
No full textIn an earlier paper by Seliga, Siran and the second author (J. Mahani Math. Res. Center 8 (2019) 37–51) on lifting continuity properties of aggregation functions to their super- and sub-additive transformations it was shown that uniform continuity is preserved by super-additive transformations in dimension 1. We give a shorter and more direct proof of this result and of a related linear bound on uniformly continuous aggregation functions
Nano-graphene oxide and vitamin D delivery
No full textOne of the Most Interesting and Recent Insights into Biomimetic Scaffold Nano-Biomaterial is Smart Scaffolding with Targeted Drug Delivery Ability. in Recent Decades, the Use of Graphene-Based Materials, Such as Nano-Graphene Oxide (NGO), as a Drug Carrier with Amphiphilic Properties, Has Attracted Considerable Attention of Scientists and Researchers in This Field. in Addition, One of the Important Global Problems is Increased Vitamin D Deficiency, Particularly in Pregnant and Postmenopausal Women. Therefore, in This Work, by Considering Hydrophobic Properties of Vitamin D, We Attempted to Examine its Loading and Release Both in the Presence of Surfactant and Surfactant-Free NGO-Aqueous Solution. at First, NGO Powder Was Synthesized by the Modified Hummer\u27s Method. after the Preparation of Vitamin D and Tween 80 (TW) Solution, They Were Added to NGO Aqueous Solution. Simultaneously, the Next Vitamin D and NGO Aqueous Solution Was Prepared in a Surfactant-Free Mode. in Order to Evaluate the Loading Content, Both Solutions Were Centrifuged, and their Supernatant Was Analyzed by UV-Visible Spectroscopy. Additionally, FTIR Spectroscopy Was Employed to Determine the TW 80 Effects on Vitamin D and NGO. the Results Have Shown that Vitamin D Loading in Surfactant-Free Solution Was Approximately 0% While in the Presence of TW 80 It Was 75.37% ± 4.12. Therefore, the Combination of Vitamin D, TW 80, and NGO Can Be a Suitable Candidate for Carrying Hydrophobic Drugs in Smart Scaffolding, Especially in Bone Tissue Engineering
Effect of Contractubex phonophoresis on postsurgical scar of carpal tunnel release: A case report
No full textKey Clinical Message Contractubex phonophoresis can be used in clinical setting to manage postsurgical scar after carpal tunnel release. Contractubex phonophoresis can improve pliability, height, and tenderness of the scar. Abstract Scar is one of the most common complications after open release of carpal tunnel. Scars are mentally and physically disturbing, and they can result into itching and pain. Scar after release of carpal tunnel can lead to compression of median nerve and failure of surgery. Various treatments are suggested for scar management. topical drugs are one of these treatments. Phonophoresis of topical drugs can enhance delivery of topical drugs. In present case, author report the effect of phonophoresis of Contractubex on postsurgical scar after carpal tunnel release. Result indicated that phonophoresis of Contractubex can be effective in scar management
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