1,720,956 research outputs found
Nutritive Value Improvement and Utilization of Rice Straw in a Total Mixed Ration for Lambs
Full text linkIn the nutritional assessment study - two popular rice varieties in Malaysia namely,
MR 185 and MR 219 were examined. Significant variations in straw nutritional
composition were observed between plant fractions of rice varieties. Variations were
also observed between the cut and stubble fraction of rice plants. The leaves of cut
fraction for MR 185 straw variety showed higher nutritive quality, in terms of crude
protein concentration (6.8%), fiber (ADF 46.8% and NDF 69.5%), total digestible
nutrients (50.4%) and digestible energy (2.2 MJ/kg) compared to the stubble and uncut
plant parts. Therefore, cut fraction of straw was recommended to be collected for
ruminant feed and the stubble could be incorporated into the soil to maintain land
productivity for the next crop or other purpose.
In another experiment, changes of protein and fiber concentration of rice straw were
observed over time. Rice straw was exposed to open weather in the field for 30 days.
Nutritive values of rice straw were found to be relatively stable when they were
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exposed to the weather. There was no significant reduction of CP concentration but
fiber concentration increased with delaying straw collection from the field.
Therefore, farmers could delay straw collection from the field but earlier collection
of straw was suggested for feeding ruminants.
In the nutritive value improvement study - two straw treatment (urea and steam)
methods of rice straw were evaluated. Urea increased CP concentration of treated
rice straw by 47% compared to untreated rice straw. In vitro DM and OM
digestibility of urea treated rice straw was increased by 29.3% and 35.9%,
respectively compared to the untreated rice straw. This was confirmed by the in vitro
gas production at a sequential incubation with buffered rumen fluid. Potential gas
volume was higher in urea treated rice straw (52.2 ml/200mg) than untreated rice
straw (41.9 ml/200mg) and steam treated rice straw (50.9 ml/200mg). Steam
treatment caused a significant decrease in lignin (ADL) concentration (30.3%)
compared to urea treated rice straw (34.1%) and untreated rice straw (35.0%) due to
the effect of high pressure and rapid decompression to weaken the cell wall structure
and the release of fermentable sugar from the depolymerized lignin and cell wall
matrix. The disruptions and the physical changes in rice straw cell wall structure due
to steam treatment enable microbes to penetrate to the cell wall matrix resulting in
improved digestibility.
In the feed evaluation study – iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric various formulation of
total mixed ration was examined. Three straw treatments (untreated, urea and steam
treated) and three levels (40, 55 and 70%) of straw inclusion were used together with
other ingredients to make total mixed ration.
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In a feeding trial, dry matter intake of the ration and average daily gain of the Malin
local-bred lambs was examined. The ration comprising 40% steam treated straw
showed highest intake (126.5 g kg-1W0.75) and gave highest daily gain (176.8 g d-1).
Untreated straw with 70% inclusion showed lowest intake (71.7 g kg-1W0.75) and
gave the lowest weight gain (50.0 g d-1). Steam treated ration increased intake by
27.4% and urea treated ration by 21.5%; average daily gain of the lambs increased by
73.5% in steam and 65.0% in urea treated ration compared to untreated ration.
Increasing level of straw inclusion from 40 to 70% reduced intake by 21.1% and
weight gain by 38.8%.
In the digestibility study, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in nutritional
quality among the rations. No significant differences were also obtained in rate of
particulate particle constant, mean retention time and solid flow rate. However,
increasing level of straw inclusion tended to increase retention time due to the slower
passage rate. Therefore, this study concluded that the rice straw has a potential to be
utilized in ruminant feeding system by using straw treatment and improving its
nutritive value with the addition of other ingredients. Hence, production of TMR is
worth trying and this could conceivably be practiced by large farms for intensive
ruminant production
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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