1,721,189 research outputs found
Data for: Increasing Resistance to Globalization: The Role of Trade in Tasks
No full textThis is the dataset underlying the empirical section in the manuscript "Increasing Resistance to Globalization:The Role of Trade in Tasks" by Hartmut Egger and Christian Fische
Endogenous Skill Formation and the Source Country Effects of International Labor Market Integration
Full text linkWith endogenous skills and given technology, labor market integration necessarily lowers welfare of the left-behind in a poor sending country, even if all agents face identical emigration probabilities. This is in sharp contrast to the case of exogenous skill supply.labor market integration, migration, endogenous skill formation
Braucht Europa eine Koordinierung der nationalen Lohnpolitiken?
Full text linkIn der aktuellen wirtschaftspolitischen Diskussion wird häufig auf stärkeren Koordinierungsbedarf in der Lohnpolitik hingewiesen. Nach Ansicht von Hartmut Egger und Daniel Etzel, Universität Bayreuth, sind eine stärkere Koordinierung arbeitsmarktpolitischer Maßnahmen und eine kritische Debatte über gemeinsame arbeitsmarktpolitische Ziele innerhalb der Europäischen Union grundsätzlich sinnvoll. Allerdings können Regelungen in diesem Bereich jeweils nur unter Berücksichtigung der vorherrschenden Tarifautonomie getroffen werden. Ob aber eine derartige Koordination auch die gesamtwirtschaftliche Wohlfahrt erhöhen könne, sei bisher nicht Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung gewesen. Hagen Lesch, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft, hält eine Korrektur der Lohnstückkosten der Defizitländer relativ zu denen der Überschussländer für sinnvoll, um die Leistungsbilanzungleichgewichte abzubauen. Eine Koordinierung der nationalen Lohnpolitiken könnte diesen Prozess beschleunigen. Es bestehe derzeit aber weder ein Koordinationsanreiz noch eine allgemein akzeptierte Koordinationsregel. Holger Zemanek, Universität Leipzig, lehnt eine direkte bzw. supranationale Koordinierung der Lohnpolitik ab. Ein europäischer Konsens, dass Lohnsteigerungen nicht das Produktivitätswachstum übersteigen sollten, sei aber zu begrüßen. Die europaweit restriktiven Fiskalpolitiken sowie die lohnpolitische Stabilität Deutschlands stellen, seiner Meinung nach, aber bereits eine marktwirtschaftliche, indirekte Koordinierung der Lohnpolitiken in Europa dar. Auch Christoph Moser, ETH Zürich, findet eine Koordinierung der nationalen Lohnpolitik in Europa nicht förderlich für den Abbau der innereuropäischen Ungleichgewichte.Lohnpolitik Wirtschaftspolitik Koordination Ungleichgewichtstheorie Interregionaler Handel Lohnstückkosten Preiswettbewerb EU-Staaten Deutschland
Firm Heterogeneity and the Labour Market Effects of Trade Liberalisation
Full text linkThis paper develops a model that incorporates workers’ fair wage preferences into a general equilibrium framework with monopolistic competition between heterogeneous firms à la Melitz (2003). By assuming that the wage considered to be fair by workers depends on the productivity and thus the economic success of the firm they are working in, we can study the determinants of profits, involuntary unemployment and within-group wage inequality in a unified framework. We use this model to investigate the effects of globalisation. In a benchmark case with identical costs of entering domestic and foreign markets, there are gains from trade accompanied by distributional conflicts, which have so far not been accounted for in the literature: a simultaneous increase of average profits and involuntary unemployment as well as a surge in within-group wage inequality.heterogeneous firms, fair wages, unemployment, wage inequality, trade liberalisation
The Trade and Welfare Effects of Mergers in Space
Full text linkThis paper analyzes the consequences of cross-border mergers in a spatial framework, thereby distinguishing three channels of influence: a price increase due to the elimination of product market competition, an adjustment in plant location which reduces overall transportation cost expenditures, and a harmonization in production costs due to a technology transfer within the firm. The welfare analysis illustrates that larger countries are better off after the merger. By contrast, smaller countries may lose, if the pre-merger production cost differential across firms is negligible and/or a post-merger technology transfer across production sites is infeasible. Furthermore, the analysis provides novel insights into the trade pattern effects of a merger. In this respect, the main result of the paper is that an adjustment of plant location in space can reverse the direction of (net) trade flows.spatial competition, cross-border merger, trade pattern, welfare analysis
Worker-Specific Effects of Globalisation
Full text linkThis paper sets up a general equilibrium model, in which firms are heterogeneous due to productivity differences and workers have fairness preferences and hence provide full effort only if their factor return is sufficiently high. With the wage considered to be fair by workers depending on the operating profits of the firm in which they are employed, more productive firms in this setting are not only larger and make higher profits but they also have to pay higher wages due to rent-sharing. This mechanism leads to wage differentiation even if all workers share the same individual characteristics. We use this framework to study worker-specific effects of trade between two symmetric countries. Exporters in this setting make higher operating profits and hence have to pay higher wages than non-exporters. This exporter wage premium provides a source for losses from trade and, all other things equal, makes a negative employment effect of trade more likely. Furthermore, it contributes significantly to a general increase in intra-group income inequality among production workers when a country moves from autarky to trade.heterogeneous firms, wage inequality, fair wages, involuntary unemployment
Fairness, Trade, and Inequality
Full text linkWe develop a model of international trade between two symmetric countries that features inter-group inequality between entrepreneurs and workers, and also intra-group inequality within each of those two groups. Individuals in the economy are heterogeneous with respect to their entrepreneurial ability, and firms run by more able entrepreneurs have a higher productivity level and make higher profits. There is rent-sharing at the firm level due to fair wage preferences of workers, and hence firms with higher profits pay higher wages in equilibrium in order to elicit their workers’ full effort. We show that in this framework international trade leads to a self-selection of the best firms into export status, and aggregate welfare increases if this selection effect is sufficiently strong. Gains from trade are accompanied by larger inequality along multiple dimensions: Involuntary unemployment and income inequality between entrepreneurs and workers increase, and so does inequality within these two subgroups of individuals, as measured by the respective Gini coefficients.heterogeneous firms, income inequality, fair wages, unemployment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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