1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Charakterisierung des immunologischen Tumormikromilieus von Urothelkarzinomen des oberen Harntraktes
Get PDFObjectives: In recent years, the tumor immune microenvironment [TIME] has become a central element of cancer research. The TIME significantly influences the expression of immune checkpoints as well as anti-tumor reaction and clinical survival. To date there are only few data available on the TIME in upper urinary tract carcinoma [UTUC], representing a minority (5-10%) of the urothelial carcinoma in general.
The aim of this study was the further characterization of the TIME in UTUCs. First, we investigated the association between infiltrating immune cells and clinical-pathological characteristics as well as their impact on survival. Second, we asked whether identification of different immune cell phenotypes associates with distinct clinical- pathological characteristics and survival rates.
Materials and Methods: A variety of immunohistochemical stainings (Cluster of Differentiation [CD] CD8, CD3, CD45, PD-1, PD-L1) was performed on a study cohort of 201 UTUC patients of all tumor stages from the centers in Erlangen and Marburg. Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis was performed using QuPath software for the CD8, CD3, CD45 and PD-1 stainings. PD-L1 quantification was performed using the established algorithms for PD-L1 analysis. Results were interpreted by descriptive statistical methods. Survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The cohort of UTUCs was subdivided into different immune cell phenotypes by cluster analysis.
Results: We found that a higher tumor stage coincides with an increased rate of infiltrating immune cells. There was no significant difference in infiltrating immune cells between male and female UTUC patients. However, higher immune cell infiltrates were associated with high grade tumors, lymph node involvement and metastases. Survival analyses revealed a positive correlation between increased immune cell infiltration and reduced disease specific survival. We performed a subclassification of the UTUC cohort into four different immune cell phenotypes (`uninflamed ́, `inflamed low ́, `inflamed high ́, `evasion ́) in similarity to the classification in muscle invasive bladder cancer. The `uninflamed ́ phenotype with low immune cell infiltration was associated with the best survival rate. In contrast, the `inflamed high ́ and the `evasion ́ phenotype,
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characterized by a high PD-L1 expression and mostly invasive tumor stage, were associated with the least favorable survival rates.
Conclusion: High numbers of infiltrating immune cells in UTUCs are associated with unfavorable survival. UTUCs can be subclassified into different immune cell phenotypes with the `inflamed high ́ and the `evasion ́ phenotype with high PD-L1 expression displaying a worse survival. These biomarkers might be useful for prognostication of the course of disease as well as prediction of response to immune therapy. Additionally, our findings might contribute to the search for an individualized anti-cancer therapy stratified by TIME characteristics for UTUC patients.Hintergrund und Ziele: In den letzten Jahren rückte das immunologische Tumormikromilieu (engl. Tumor immune microenvironment [TIME]) zunehmend in den Fokus der Krebsforschung. Das TIME beeinflusst maßgeblich die Expression von Immuncheckpoints und somit die Antitumorreaktion sowie das klinische Überleben von Patienten. Bis dato existieren jedoch kaum Daten zum TIME beim Urothelkarzinom des oberen Harntraktes (engl. upper urinary tract carcinoma [UTUC]), welches mit nur 5-10% eine seltene Unterform des Urothelkarzinoms darstellt.
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit liegt daher in einer genaueren Charakterisierung des TIME beim UTUC. Einerseits soll die Assoziation von Immunzellinfiltraten mit klinisch- pathologischen Charakteristika sowie deren Einfluss auf die Überlebensrate beleuchtet werden. Andererseits soll geprüft werden, ob auch bei UTUCs verschiedene Immunzellphänotypen mit unterschiedlichen klinisch-pathologischen Charakteristika sowie unterschiedlich guten Prognoseraten nachzuweisen sind.
Methoden: Eine Studienkohorte von 201 UTUC-Patienten (pTa-pT4) aus Erlangen und Marburg wurde mittels immunhistochemischer Färbungen für verschiedene Komponenten des TIME aufgearbeitet (engl. Cluster of Differentiation [CD] 8, CD3, CD45, PD-1, PD-L1). Die quantitative immunhistochemische Analyse erfolgte mit Hilfe der Auswertungssoftware Qupath sowie mit den etablierten PD-L1 Auswertungsalgorithmen. Zur Bewertung der Ergebnisse dienten deskriptive statistische Methoden. Für die Überlebenszeitanalysen wurden uni- und multivariable Überlebenszeitmodelle angefertigt. Durch eine hierarchische Clusteranalyse wurden die UTUCs in unterschiedliche Immunzellphänotypen eingeteilt.
Ergebnisse und Beobachtungen: Zunächst zeigte sich, dass ein höheres pT-Stadium auch mit einer erhöhten Zahl an infiltrierenden Immunzellen einherging. Zwischen männlichen und weiblichen UTUC-Patienten bestand hierbei kein signifikanter Unterschied in der Anzahl der infiltrierenden Immunzellen. Signifikant höhere Immunzellinfiltrate waren jedoch mit high grade Tumoren, Lymphknotenbefall sowie einer Metastasierungstendenz assoziiert. Die Überlebenszeitanalyse zeigte eine positive Korrelation zwischen einer erhöhten Immunzellinfiltration und schlechterem krankheitsspezifischem Überleben. Analog der Immunzellphänotypen beim
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muskelinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinom konnten auch die UTUCs in dieser Studie in vier verschiedene Immunzellphänotypen eingeteilt werden (`Uninflamed ́, `Inflamed low ́, `Inflamed high ́, `Evasion ́). Ein `Uninflamed ́ Phänotyp mit geringer Immunzellinfiltration zeigte dabei die beste Prognose. Hingegen präsentierten sich der `Inflamed high ́ und der `Evasion ́ Phänotyp, der sich vor allem durch eine hohe PD- L1 Expression auszeichnete, und meist in einem invasiven Stadium vorlag, mit den ungünstigsten Prognosen.
Schlussfolgerung: Erhöhte Immunzellinfiltrate im TIME des UTUC gingen mit ungünstigen Überlebensraten einher. Auch beim UTUC können verschiedene Immunzellphänotypen unterschieden werden. Ein `Inflamed high ́ sowie ein `Evasion ́ Phänotyp mit erhöhter PD-L1 Expression zeigten dabei die schlechtesten Prognosen. Diese Biomarker könnten dazu dienen, den Erkrankungsverlauf beziehungsweise das Ansprechen auf eine Immuntherapie genauer vorherzusagen. Zudem könnten die Erkenntnisse einen Beitrag dazu leisten, eine individualisierte Immuntherapie, stratifiziert nach den beschriebenen Veränderungen des TIME, für diese Patienten zu ermöglichen
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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