1,721,043 research outputs found
Criminal choice: an economic view of life outside the law. by Cathy Buchanan and Peter R. Hartley
No full texttag=1 data=Criminal choice: an economic view of life outside the law. by Cathy Buchanan and Peter R. Hartley
tag=2 data=Buchanan, Cathy%Hartley, Peter R.
tag=3 data=Policy,
tag=6 data=Autumn 1990
tag=7 data=54-58.
tag=8 data=PRISONS
tag=10 data=The economic approach treats criminals as rational choosers who take into account the likelihood and severity of punishment.
tag=11 data=1990/2/3
tag=12 data=81
tag=13 data=CABThe economic approach treats criminals as rational choosers who take into account the likelihood and severity of punishment
Monopoly in telecommunications: The case of Greece
No full textThe main point of this paper is that politicians use the telecommunications industry as a tool for the implementation of social policy.
In order to do this they need to control it. They control the industry by legislating the market as a monopoly.
This means that politicians prohibit entry in this market. The usual justification behind this is that this market is a natural monopoly and it would be better to protect it.
These arguments stand only for the case of a market which is a natural monopoly. In our historical analysis we found nothing to support the claim that the telecommunications industry is a natural monopoly. On the contrary, in any time, any place where competition was allowed it occurred. Moreover, it fostered both technological change and better service.
In the case of Greece the telecommunications industry followed exactly this pattern. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.
The experience of a dual exchange market with a simultaneous unofficial market in El Salvador
No full textBecause of economic and non-economic factors, the situation of the external sector in El Salvador has reached critical levels. Under persistent trade deficits, capital flight, and a continuous reduction in international reserves, the authorities instituted in August 1982, for the first time, a dual exchange rate system: an official market where the value of the dollar remained the same, and a parallel market where the exchange rate was set by the commercial banks. Among the goals of this innovation were a reduction in imports, an increase in foreign exchange receipts, a restoration of balance of payments equilibrium, and the avoidance of a sudden rise in prices.
We analyze the overvaluation of the exchange rate, evolution of exports and imports, and the fiscal revenues derived from transactions in the parallel system. An econometric model measures the impact of overvalued exchange rates on imports and exports, and the effects of the parallel market on the price level. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The impact of liquidity shocks on capital
No full textThis thesis sheds some light on factors that affect the level and stability of investment in economies with undeveloped capital markets. In particular, we focus on shocks to the demand for bank liabilities (checks). Banks are the major source of finance for firms, and fiat money and checks are the main media of exchange for households. To what extent is investment stimulated by liquidity shocks that increase the demand for bank liabilities? Our analysis is less relevant for economies with developed capital markets. However, to understand how the evolution of capital markets affects the stability and growth of investment, we focus on economies where banks are still important and capital markets are undeveloped.
The thesis is composed of an empirical and a theoretical analysis. We first show with linear regression estimates that the effect of the variance of demand deposits on that of investment is statistically significant in countries with undeveloped capital markets. Such is not the case for developed countries.
We then proceed to provide a theoretical analysis of how liquidity shocks affect investment in developing countries. Throughout our thesis, we model liquidity shocks as resulting from changes in the amounts of relocation of spatially separated agents searching for trading partners. Spatial separation is a trading friction which endogenously gives rise to fiat money as a medium of exchange. The relocation of agents has the effect of changing the demand for liquidity. This changes the demand for investment-backed inside money and therefore impacts investment. This contrasts with the Clower constraints/infinite horizon models in the literature where the real sectors of an economy, and hence capital, are insulated from monetary effects.
We provide two spatial separation/overlapping generations models. We show that equilibrium capital is affected by liquidity shocks due to the overlapping generations (OLG) structure. OLG is analogous to the case of households borrowing constraints, a feature of economies with undeveloped capital markets.
Specifically how investment responds to liquidity shocks depends on the timing of the shock. In the first model, we show that when the young are hit with a liquidity shock, capital is a non-monotonic function of the shock. In the second model, old agents are subject to a liquidity shock. In this case, capital is an increasing function of the liquidity shock
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