1,721,015 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Computer-Based Social Anxiety Regulation in Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
No full textSocial anxiety disorder (SAD), commonly referred to social phobia, is one of the most an immense and unreasonable fear of social interaction. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is the most thoroughly studied nonpharmacologic approach to the treatment of SAD patients. In CBT, patients are gradually, in vivo, exposed to anxiety-provoking real-life situations until habituation occurs and patients’ fear dissipates. Although effective for most patients, there are some clear limitations: some specific and required social situations are difficult to arrange due to unpredictability and possibly short duration of these naturally occurring social interactions, the therapist has limited control over anxiety provoking elements during the exposure, and individuals with social phobia have high refusal rate for in vivo exposure to the dreaded and fearful social situation.Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) has been suggested as an alternative to overcome many shortcomings of in vivo exposure. Contrary to exposure in vivo, in a VRET system the therapist can manipulate the exposure elements in a safer, manageable and cost-effective way. A VRET system presents fear eliciting stimuli to the patient in a Virtual Reality environment where the parameters of its anxiety evoking stimuli can be easily gradually manipulated by a therapist. The state of the art and recent enhancement of Internet and VR technology seems to be able to meet the ever-increasing demand for more accessibility and efficiency of mental healthcare services by bringing the VRET system directly at patient’s home. This thesis presents the development and evaluation of such an envisioned home-based VRET system for SAD patients.The blue-print of the envisioned system design entails several key elements that need to be established. All those key elements were investigated and evaluated empirically in three separated studies followed up by a feasibility study. The first key element identified, is the system’s ability to measure the patient’s anxiety level automatically. Traditionally in VRET this is done using self-reported anxiety measurements, where patients are asked to report their anxiety every four or five minutes. Without the direct involvement of a therapist, it is up to the system to determine the appropriate timing, therefore, the timing is a crucial element. An empirical study involving 24 participants investigated the effects of three different types of automatic self-reported anxiety timing mechanisms (dialogue dependent, speech dependent and context independent). The results showed that the participants preferred a dialogue dependent timing mechanism above speech dependent or timing dependent mechanism, since it was considered as less interruptive. Moreover, the study also confirmed the needs for an accurate automatic self-reported anxiety timing mechanisms, as it could affect people’s experience and their behaviour in a dialogue with virtual human.The second key element is the system’s ability to elicit and control the anxiety evoking stimuli within the social scene. This was investigated in two successive empirical studies. The first study investigated whether an exposure to various virtual social scenarios was associated with different levels of anxiety. The 24 participants were exposed to a free-speech dialogue interaction with a virtual character in a neutral world, blind date and job interview setting. The results showed that the participants’ level of anxiety increased significantly from the neutral world, the blind date to the job interview. This indicates that various virtual social scenarios are indeed able to evoke different levels of anxiety. The second study investigated anxiety control within a dialogue in VRET system. For this, the study assessed the association between the ratio of negative and positive dialogue responses made by a virtual character and individual’s level of anxiety. Twenty-four participants were exposed to two different experimental conditions: a positive, and a negative virtual job interview condition. In the positive condition, in the course of time the number of positive responses from the virtual character increased while negative responses decreased. In the negative condition, the opposite happened. The results showed that the manipulation of the dialogue style in both conditions had a significant effect on people’s level of anxiety, their attitude, their speech behaviour, their dialogue experiences, their own emotion, and how they perceived the emotion of the virtual human. These finding demonstrate that social dialogues in a virtual environment can be manipulated for therapeutic purposes effectively.The third key element of the envisioned system is the possibility to introduce autonomous anxiety regulation. Traditionally, in the clinic a therapist tries to regulate the patients’ anxiety. However, in a home situation, a system would have to do this regulation automatically. A third empirical study was conducted to investigate and evaluate the ability and effectiveness of an automatic feedback-loop regulation mechanism for maintaining individual’s anxiety on a predefined target level. A group of 24 participants were exposed into two different system response conditions: a static and a dynamic condition. In the static condition participants were exposed to a static set of virtual reality stressors while in the dynamic condition they were exposed to a set of virtual reality stressors that changed dynamically aiming at keeping the anxiety of the participants at stable level. In the static condition, the anxiety dropped as indicated by decreased self-reported anxiety, decreased heart rate, increased heart rate variability, and longer answers. In contrary, in the dynamic condition, the participant’s anxiety level was maintained around a pre-set anxiety reference level. Therefore, the findings demonstrate that individuals’ level of anxiety can be regulated automatically using an automatic feedback-loop mechanism. Besides those three important key elements of the system design blue-print, the envisioned system also has a number of practical and important elements such as the development of a virtual health agent, the therapist application, and a secure remote database server. Together these elements lay the foundation for a home-based VRET system. To evaluate the feasibility of such proposed system to treat people with SAD at home, an empirical study was conducted. The home-based VRET system was evaluated with a group of five social anxiety disorder patients. All patients received a complete home-based VRET system and were scheduled to perform 10 treatment sessions at home. The study findings showed that the proposed system could evoke the required anxiety, as expected, which over time dropped as patients’ self-reported anxiety and heart rate gradually decreased during the exposure sessions. To conclude, this thesis argues that the proposed home-based VRET system could evoke the required anxiety in patients with substantial level of presence. By meeting the above mentioned key challenges of our study, we showed that an effective home-based VRET system can be built and provided in due course. Therefore, this finding suggests that delivering a home-based VRET system is indeed possible, which could provide numerous benefits for both patients and therapists.Health, Safety and EnvironmentInteractive Intelligenc
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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