1,721,213 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Diet-microbiome-metabolomic interactions in inflammatory bowel disease and comparing patients with and without a colon
No full textThe composition and function of the gut microbiome might be distorted in individuals with Inflammatory bowel disease. Diet plays a role in shaping the gut microbiome. Refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) can result in ileal anal pouch anastomosis (IPAA), however, more than half of these patients develop pouchitis.
This thesis aims to investigate differences in microbiome and metabolome composition between study cohorts, identify microbiome-metabolome interactions and explore the influence of dietary compounds on these interactions.
148 participants were recruited and categorised: pouches made for UC (PUC), pouches made for familial adenomatous polyposis (PFAP) and UC with an intact colon (UC). Dietary data, faecal samples, blood, and urine were collected. Biofluids analysis included 16S rRNA gene sequencing, nuclear magnetic resonance, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for short chain fatty acid (SCFA), bile acid and tryptophan metabolites quantification.
Multivariate analysis identified a discriminatory microbiome and metabolites between UC (intact colon) and PUC (UC no colon). The PUC group ingest less fibre, fruit, and vegetables and had lower scores of adherences to the WHO dietary guidelines compared with UC group. PUC show reduced microbiome diversity, reduced abundance of Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Alistipes and lower concentrations of propionate and butyrate, and higher abundance of Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae and Fusobacterium compared to UC. Elevated serum neopterin, kynurenine and cholic acid were found in PUC compared with UC.
Starch consumption positively correlated with neopterin, and Proteobacteria in PUC and protein intake positively correlated with alpha diversity, Firmicutes, Faecalibacterium and Rumminococcus. Adherence to the WHO dietary guidelines correlated with microbiome diversity and SCFA. Correlation matrix adjusted for false discovery rate showed differentiated diet-microbiome-metabolome communication links between PUC and UC.
These data suggests that pouch metabolic profile can be clearly differentiated from the colon and targeting the gut microbiome through diet may have therapeutic potential for pouch patients.Open Acces
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Advancing minimally invasive aspects of flexible gastrointestinal endoscopy
Get PDFThe technological developments seen in recent years have facilitated remarkable progress in the field of flexible gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Smaller high-resolution charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have facilitated the manufacture of ultrathin (UT) (<6mm) endoscopes, while the introduction of device assisted enteroscopy (balloon-assisted and spiral enteroscopy) has allowed endoscopists to access the deep small bowel (SB) without the need for recourse to major surgery. Furthermore, the application of double-balloon colonoscopy (DBC) has shown promise to improve outcomes in patients with ‘technically difficult’ colons. Although these 3 types of innovative endoscopic technologies all share the potential capacity to enhance minimally invasive patient care, research into their optimal role and effectiveness (particularly within UK clinical practice) remains limited.
This thesis has examined the potential role of this selection of advanced flexible GI endoscopic technologies for the enhancement of minimally invasive patient care. The first study evaluated transnasal upper GI endoscopy in the UK and confirmed that within this clinical paradigm, transnasal endoscopy using UT endoscopes, is a feasible, effective and more acceptable alternative to patients than conventional oral upper GI endoscopy. The next series of studies were dedicated to device assisted enteroscopy (DBE in particular) and showed that DBE is capable of providing a safe and effective, minimally invasive alternative to major surgery in selected cases. A comparison of spiral enteroscopy as an alternative to DBE, showed that spiral enteroscopy (in its current, manual form), appears to be inferior to DBE in its ability to facilitate deep enteroscopy. The final study evaluated technically difficult colonoscopy and included the development and validation of a score for technical difficulty which may in the future be applied to routine clinical practice. This study also highlighted the usefulness of DBC as a potentially more effective tool than conventional colonoscopy for technically difficult cases.Imperial Users Onl
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
