25 research outputs found
Improving endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration specimens in the absence of rapid onsite evaluation: Does cytotechnologist training provide the solution?
No full text[No abstract available]Buxbaum J, DYN TEL COMP RAP ONS; Eloubeidi MA, 2006, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V101, P2841, DOI 10.1111-j.1572-0241.2006.00852.x; Iglesias-Garcia J, 2011, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V106, P1705, DOI 10.1038-ajg.2011.119; Klapman JB, 2003, AM J GASTROENTEROL, V98, P1289, DOI 10.1016-S0002-9270(03)00246-6; Layfield LJ, 2001, CANCER CYTOPATHOL, V93, P319, DOI 10.1002-cncr.9046; Nasuti JF, 2001, DIAGN CYTOPATHOL, V25, P351, DOI 10.1002-dc.10002; Petrone MC, 2012, DIGEST LIVER DIS, V44, P311, DOI 10.1016-j.dld.2011.12.001; Yan A, AM GAST ASS 20 UNPUB10
Corrigendum
No full text Carlton JA, Maxwell AW, Bauer LB, McElroy SM, Layfield LJ, Ahsan H and Agarwal A. Computed tomography detection of extracapsular spread of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in metastatic cervical lymph nodes. Neuroradiol J 2017; 30: 222–229. (DOI: 10.1177/1971400917694048). The name of the third co-author on page 1 of this article is incorrectly stated as Lyndsey B Bauer. The name has since been corrected on this page to Lindsey B Bauer in the e-only version of the article in the XML. (DOI: 10.1177/1971400917694048). </jats:p
Impact of Naja nigricollis venom on the production of methaemoglobin
No full textSnakebite envenomation is an affliction currently estimated to be killing upwards of 100,000 people annually. Snakebite is associated with a diverse pathophysiology due to the magnitude of variation in venom composition that is observed worldwide. The haemolytic (i.e., lysis of red blood cells) actions of snake venoms are well documented, although the direct impact of venoms on haemoglobin is not fully understood. Here we report on the varied ability of a multitude of snake venoms to oxidise haemoglobin into methaemoglobin. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the venom of an elapid, the black necked spitting cobra, Naja nigricollis, oxidises oxyhaemoglobin (Fe2+) into methaemoglobin (Fe3+) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner that is unparalleled within the 47 viper and elapid venoms evaluated. The treatment of venom with a reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT) is observed to potentiate this effect at higher concentrations, and the use of denatured venom demonstrates that this effect is dependent upon the heat-sensitive proteinaceous elements of the venom. Together, our results suggest that Naja nigricollis venom appears to promote methaemoglobin production to a degree that is rare within the Elapidae family, and this activity appears to be independent of proteolytic activities of venom components on haemoglobin
Protocol for stage 2 of the GaP study (genetic testing acceptability for Paget's disease of the bone) : a questionnaire study to investigate whether relatives of people with Paget's disease would accept genetic testing and preventative treatment if they were available
No full textBackground: Paget's disease of bone (PDB) disrupts normal bone architecture and causes pain, deformity, deafness, osteoarthritis, and fractures. Genetic factors play a role in PDB and genetic tests are now conducted for research purposes. It is thus timely to investigate the potential for a clinical programme of genetic testing and preventative treatment for people who have a family history of PDB. This study examines the beliefs of relatives of people with PDB. It focuses particularly on illness and treatment representations as predictors of the acceptability and uptake of potential clinical programmes. Illness representations are examined using Leventhal's Common Sense Self-Regulation Model while cognitions about treatment behaviours (acceptance of testing and treatment uptake) are conceptualised within the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Methods/Design: A postal questionnaire of non-affected relatives of people with Paget's disease. The sample will include relatives of Paget's patients with a family history of Paget's disease and relatives of Paget's patients without a family history of Paget's disease. The questionnaire will explore whether a range of factors relate to acceptability of a programme of genetic testing and preventive treatment in relatives of Paget's disease sufferers. The questionnaire will include several measures: illness representations (as measured by the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire); treatment representations (as measured by Theory of Planned Behaviour-based question items, informed by a prior interview elicitation study); descriptive and demographic details; and questions exploring family environment and beliefs of other important people. Data will also be collected from family members who have been diagnosed with Paget's disease to describe the disease presentation and its distribution within a family. Discussion: The answers to these measures will inform the feasibility of a programme of genetic testing and preventive treatment for individuals who are at a high risk of developing Paget's disease because they carry an appropriate genetic mutation. They will also contribute to theoretical and empirical approaches to predicting diagnostic and treatment behaviours from the combined theoretical models.We wish to acknowledge the Medical Research Council for financial support of this study. [...] The Health Services Research Unit is funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorates.Publisher PD
Redescription of the African freshwater crab<i> Arcopotamonautes montivagus</i> (Chace) (Potamoidea: Potamonautidae: Potamonautinae), with a description of a new species, and updated species checklists for Tanzania, Malawi, and Zambia
No full textArcopotamonautes montivagus (Chace), a river-living freshwater crab from several countries adjacent to Lake Malawi in southern Africa, was found to be a species complex. This species is redescribed based on re-examination of the type material and other specimens. In addition, a new freshwater crab species in the genus Arcopotamonautes Bott from southwestern Tanzania and northern Zambia is described based on recently collected material. Updated species checklists for the freshwater crabs of Tanzania, Malawi, and Zambia are provided, as are diagnoses, illustrations, and distribution maps for A. montivagus s.s. and A. itamba sp. n
The urgent need to develop novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of snakebites
No full textSnakebite envenoming (SBE) is a priority neglected tropical disease, which kills over one hundred thousand people per year. However, many millions of survivors also suffer through disabilities and long-term health consequences. The only treatment, antivenom, has a number of major associated problems, not least, adverse reactions and limited availability. This emphasises the necessity for urgent improvements to the management of this disease. Administration of antivenom is too frequently based on symptomatology, which results in wasting crucial time. The majority of SBE-affected regions rely on broad-spectrum polyvalent antivenoms that have a low content of case-specific efficacious immunoglobulins. Research into small molecular therapeutics such as varespladib/methyl-varespladib (PLA2 inhibitors) and batimastat/marimastat (metalloprotease inhibitors) suggest that such adjunctive treatments could be hugely beneficial to victims. Progress into toxin-specific monoclonal antibodies as well as alternative binding scaffolds such as aptamers hold much promise for future treatment strategies. SBE is not implicit during snakebite, due to venom metering. Thus, the delay between bite and symptom presentation is critical and when symptoms appear it may often already be too late. The development of reliable diagnostical tools could therefore initiate a paradigm shift in the treatment of SBE. While the complete eradication of SBE is an impossibility, mitigation is in the pipeline, and new treatments are emerging
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Mechanisms underpinning the permanent muscle damage induced by snake venom metalloprotease
No full textSnakebite is a major neglected tropical health issue that affects over 5 million people worldwide resulting in around 1.8 million envenomations and 100,000 deaths each year. Snakebite envenomation also causes innumerable morbidities specifically loss of limbs as a result of excessive tissue/muscle damage. Snake venom metalloproteases (SVMPs) are a predominant component of viper venoms, and are involved in the degradation of basement membrane proteins (particularly collagen) surrounding the tissues around the bite site. Although their collagenolytic properties have been established, the molecular mechanisms through which SVMPs induce permanent muscle damage are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the purification and characterisation of an SVMP from a viper (Crotalus atrox) venom. Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that this protein is most likely to be a group III metalloprotease (showing high similarity to VAP2A) and has been referred to as CAMP (Crotalus atrox metalloprotease). CAMP displays both collagenolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities and inhibits CRP-XL-induced platelet aggregation. To determine its effects on muscle damage, CAMP was administered into the tibialis anterior muscle of mice and its actions were compared with cardiotoxin I (a three-finger toxin) from an elapid snake (Naja pallida) venom. Extensive immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that CAMP significantly damages skeletal muscles by attacking the collagen scaffold and other important basement membrane proteins, and prevents their regeneration through disrupting the functions of satellite cells. In contrast, cardiotoxin I destroys skeletal muscle by damaging the plasma membrane, but does not impact regeneration due to its inability to affect the extracellular matrix. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the mechanisms through which SVMPs induce permanent muscle damage
Lipomatous lesions of the parotid gland: Analysis of 70 cases
No full textObjectives-Hypothesis: To investigate presenting signs and symptoms, preoperative workup, operative therapy, and morbidity of benign and malignant lipomatous lesions of the parotid gland. Study Design: Medical literature review and retrospective chart review for all patients who underwent surgery for lipomatous lesions of the parotid gland at our institution from 1959 to 2009. Methods: Seventy patients underwent surgery for such lesions. Histologic sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and reviewed, and clinical information was obtained from hospital medical records for each case. Results: Forty-nine patients (70.0percent) were male and 21 (30.0percent) female (mean age, 49.9 years). Of the lesions, 43 (63.2percent) were intraparotid, 25 (36.8percent) periparotid, 69 (98.6percent) unilateral, and 1 (1.4percent) bilateral (average size, 3.7 cm). Fifty-nine patients were treated with superficial or partial superficial parotidectomy, 10 were treated with total parotidectomy, and one was treated with parapharyngeal space dissection. Complications included six cases (8.6percent) of facial paresis or paralysis and two cases of hematoma. No lesions recurred. Conclusions: We present the largest series, to our knowledge, of lipomatous lesions of the parotid gland. These masses, although rare, should be considered in the evaluation of a parotid mass. This series provides insight into the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and surgical treatment of parotid lipomatous lesions. Surgical extent depends on lesion location in the gland. Lipomatous masses can be effectively treated surgically with low morbidity and high cure rates. Laryngoscope, 2013 Copyright © 2012 The American Laryngological, Rhinological, and Otological Society, Inc.ADAMS G, 1981, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V89, P402; ADEBAMOWO CA, 1994, E AFR MED J, V71, P210; Ashley DJB, 1978, EVANS HIST APPEARANC, P54; BAKER SE, 1981, ORAL SURG ORAL MED O, V52, P167, DOI 10.1016-0030-4220(81)90315-7; Bansal B, 2007, PEDIATR DEVEL PATHOL, V10, P244, DOI 10.2350-06-09-0170.1; Barnes L, 1985, SURG PATHOLOGY HEAD, V1, P747; Batsakis JG, 1979, TUMORS HEAD NECK, P360; CALHOUN KH, 1987, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V14, P41, DOI 10.1016-0165-5876(87)90048-6; Chandan VS, 2004, AM J OTOLARYNG, V25, P432, DOI 10.1016-j.amjoto.2004.06.003; Das Gupta TK, 1970, CURR PROB SURG, V7, P1; de Jong AL, 1998, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V43, P53, DOI 10.1016-S0165-5876(97)00156-0; Diom ES, 2011, EUR ANN OTORHINOLARY, V128, P34, DOI 10.1016-j.anorl.2010.09.005; ECKEL HE, 1994, J LARYNGOL OTOL, V108, P174; Enzinger FM, 1995, SOFT TISSUE TUMORS, P395; Ethunandan M, 2006, J ORAL MAXIL SURG, V64, P1583, DOI 10.1016-j.joms.2005.10.059; Fanburg-Smith JC, 2002, MODERN PATHOL, V15, P1020, DOI 10.1097-01.MP.0000027625.79334.F5; GALLAGHER DM, 1982, J ORAL MAXIL SURG, V40, P824, DOI 10.1016-0278-2391(82)90184-7; Graamans K, 1991, DIAGNOSIS SALIVARY G, P109; Graham CT, 1998, J LARYNGOL OTOL, V112, P202; Hibbard MK, 2000, CANCER RES, V60, P4869; HOUSTON GD, 1985, ORAL SURG ORAL MED O, V60, P72, DOI 10.1016-0030-4220(85)90219-1; JONES JK, 1980, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V106, P497; KIM YH, 1982, CANCER, V50, P102, DOI 10.1002-1097-0142(19820701)50:1102::AID-CNCR28205001193.0.CO;2-7; Kimura Y, 2002, AURIS NASUS LARYNX, V29, P391, DOI 10.1016-S0385-8146(02)00018-4; KOHAN D, 1993, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V108, P156; KORENTAGER R, 1988, LARYNGOSCOPE, V98, P967; Krempl GA, 1997, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V117, pS234, DOI 10.1016-S0194-5998(97)70112-8; Kuwano Y, 2009, ARCH DERMATOL, V145, P761, DOI 10.1001-archdermatol.2009.61; LAYFIELD LJ, 1991, ACTA CYTOL, V35, P553; MALAVE DA, 1994, J ORAL MAXIL SURG, V52, P408, DOI 10.1016-0278-2391(94)90451-0; Meningaud JP, 2007, J ORAL MAXIL SURG, V65, P1365, DOI 10.1016-j.joms.2005.10.045; MINIC AJ, 1995, J ORAL PATHOL MED, V24, P180, DOI 10.1111-j.1600-0714.1995.tb01162.x; PHALEN GS, 1971, AM J SURG, V121, P298, DOI 10.1016-0002-9610(71)90208-X; REILLY JS, 1988, LARYNGOSCOPE, V98, P818; Rosenthal LS, 2006, ARCH PATHOL LAB MED, V130, P875; Rustemeyer J, 2008, J CRANIO MAXILL SURG, V36, P34, DOI 10.1016-j.jcms.2007.07.003; SAITOH Y, 1995, AM J OTOLARYNG, V16, P433, DOI 10.1016-0196-0709(95)90084-5; SOM PM, 1986, AM J NEURORADIOL, V7, P657; Srinivasan V, 1996, J LARYNGOL OTOL, V110, P93; STEWART MG, 1994, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V120, P1151; TSUNODA A, 1994, J LARYNGOL OTOL, V108, P693; Ulku CH, 2005, AURIS NASUS LARYNX, V32, P49, DOI 10.1016-j.anl.2004.09.004; VINDENES H, 1978, INT J ORAL MAXILLOF, V7, P162, DOI 10.1016-S0300-9785(78)80019-2; WALTS AE, 1976, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V102, P230; WEINER GM, 1995, J LARYNGOL OTOL, V109, P772; Wu Che-Wei, 2006, World J Surg Oncol, V4, P28, DOI 10.1186-1477-7819-4-28; ZEIT RM, 1981, AM J ROENTGENOL, V136, P199; ZHENG JW, 1994, J ORAL MAXIL SURG, V52, P595, DOI 10.1016-0278-2391(94)90097-31
Repurposing cancer drugs, batimastat and marimastat, to inhibit the activity of a group I metalloprotease from the venom of the Western Diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox
No full textSnakebite envenomation causes over 140,000 deaths every year predominantly in developing countries. As a result, it is one of the most lethal neglected tropical diseases. It is associated with an incredibly complex pathophysiology due to the vast number of unique toxins/proteins found in the venoms of diverse snake species found worldwide. Here, we report the purification and functional characteristics of a group I metalloprotease (CAMP-2) from the venom of the western diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox. Its sensitivity to matrix metalloprotease inhibitors (batimastat and marimastat) was established using specific in vitro experiments and in silico molecular docking analysis. CAMP-2 shows high sequence homology to atroxase from the venom of Crotalus atrox and exhibits collagenolytic, fibrinogenolytic and mild haemolytic activities. It exerts a mild inhibitory effect on agonist-induced platelet aggregation in the absence of plasma proteins. Its collagenolytic activity was completely inhibited by batimastat and marimastat. Zinc chloride also inhibits the collagenolytic activity of CAMP-2 by around 75% at 50 M, while it is partially potentiated by calcium chloride. Molecular docking studies demonstrate that batimastat and marimastat are able to bind strongly to the active site residues of CAMP-2. This study demonstrates the impact of matrix metalloprotease inhibitors in the modulation of a purified, group I metalloprotease activities in comparison to the whole venom. By improving our understanding of snake venom metalloproteases and their sensitivity to small molecule inhibitors, we can begin to develop novel and improved treatment strategies for snakebites
Indeterminate and Erroneous Fine-Needle Aspirates of Breast with Focus on the 'True Gray Zone': A Review
No full textObjective: To review our experience and the literature on inconclusive-erroneous fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) of breast with the focus on the 'true gray zone'. To describe the cytology, differential diagnosis, pitfalls and limitations of common and rare lesions. Study Design: We conducted a literature search focusing on breast FNAs with statistical data of C3 and C4 categories including false-positive and false-negative cases. Similar data from 2003 to 2009 was obtained from our institution. Results: C3 and C4 categories account for 3-17percent of breast FNAs. Contributing factors are technical difficulties, inexperienced pathologists interpreting FNAs of breast and overlap of cytologic features of certain benign and malignant conditions; this last, 'true gray zone' accounts for 2percent of cases. Fibroadenoma, proliferative breast lesions, gynecomastia, infiltrating and in situ low-grade adenocarcinomas and tubular, cribriform, lobular and mucinous carcinomas are the most common problematic lesions. Granular cell tumor, adenomyoepithelioma, pregnancy-related lesions, fat necrosis, inflammatory and radiation changes, adenoid cystic carcinoma, spindle-cell lesions and Phyllodes tumor are less common. Conclusion: Inconclusive-erroneous FNAs of breast due to the 'true gray zone' are rare. Most are due to the overlapping cytologic features of some benign and malignant conditions. Practical features that may help arrive at the correct diagnoses are elucidated. Copyright © 2013 S. 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