342 research outputs found
Effects of SWR-5 on cocaine self-administration and D3-mediated behavior
No full textabstract: The epidemic of drug addiction continues to grow at an alarming rate and cocaine-related overdoses have increased by more than 33% over the last decade. Cocaine targets the mesolimbic reward system in the brain to produce the “high” felt when taking cocaine. There is currently no single cure for psychostimulant abuse, but researchers continue to find viable therapeutic options. Dopamine receptors have been a recent target for researchers. We tested a novel D3R-antagonist, SWR-5, with 905-fold D3/D2 selectivity, on addiction using a rat self- administration model and hypothesized that it would reduce motivation for cocaine. SWR-5 significantly reduced cocaine intake on a high-effort PR schedule at a dose of 10 mg/kg but did not affect sucrose intake. Also, SWR-5 did not affect either spontaneous or cocaine-induced locomotion. From our results, we concluded that SWR-5 affects motivation for cocaine, not sucrose, and does not produce adverse locomotor effects. Further research would include taking a behavioral economics approach to determine the cost/benefit ratio of taking the drug, as well as performing cue reinstatement tests to solidify whether SWR-5 plays a role in cocaine-seeking behavior
Toxic and teratogenic effects of azadirachtin of neemix-4.5 on fetuses and pups of SWR/J mice
No full textAuthor: Abou-Tarboush, F. M., From the Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University.Inbred normal adult SWR/J mice were used to evaluate the toxic and teratogenic shortand
long term effects of various dose levels (0.9, 1.8, 3.0, 9.0, 45.0, which represent 1/100,
1/50, 1/30, 1/10, 1/2 LD50, respectively) of azadirachtin of neemix-4.5 ( insecticide product )on
fetuses and pups of pregnant females.
The oral administration of the different dose levels of azadirachtin on days 7-12 of
gestation or on a 80-day period has not produced any morphological or skeletal changes in
fetuses and pups of SWR/J mice. As the pharmacokinetics of azadirachtin and its bioavailability
to the fetus are unknown, the essentially negative results obtained in the present study may be
due either to the lack of toxic potential or to lack of fetal exposure
Embedding of shock wave reactor in thermal cracking process for ethylene
No full textThe goal of this project was to embed the Shock Wave Reactor (SWR) into an ethylene plant in order to assess the performance of this unique reactor. The performances are based on the energy consumption and ethylene yield. There are some researches done. Unfortunately no information is found in articles about how to embed the SWR in an ethylene plant. So, to embed the SWR, the behavior of the whole plant must be monitored. The embedding of the SWR in an ethylene plant is done by integration this reactor in an ethylene plant based on conventional cracking. Conventional cracking is done by a furnace. The only different is the cracking reactor.The separation configuration is taken the same. Strong GDP (gross domestic product) growth in major regions results in strong petrochemical demand growth. The reason of this growth is due to the growing market of China and India. So the importance of ethylene increases. Ethylene is and in the future still be an important bulk chemistry in the petrochemical and industry The process chemistry with its thermodynamics and kinetics are based in earlier research done by R.Bosma. Normally more than 1 million reactions occur during ethane cracking but here 7 major reactions are used. The residence time plays a big role in this cracking. Thermodynamically high temperature is favorable but kinetically not. High temperatures increase the secondary reactions with more by-products as result.The SWR was already modeled in Matlab by R.Bosma [21]. To investigate the SWR energy consumption, the SWR is modeled in Aspen. A user model in Aspen has been made, which reflects the behavior of the SWR at some given conditions. This Aspen model is validated in order to determine the reliability of this model. The model is successfully made but some parameters where slightly different. With Aspen Pinch, the determination of the energy consumption is made. This is very important because the energy consumption will conclude if this SWR economical favorable compared with a conventional furnace. Also the environmental impact of the SWR has been studied. It is known in the aviation industry, shock waves produce a lot of sound power. It can have a certain risk to the human health and environment. This is a complex problem because of the difficulties to monitor the sound behavior of this reactor. It is concluded that the SWR is an energy slurping process compared with a conventional furnace. The ethylene yield is also lower than the ethylene yield produced with a conventional furnace.Chemical Process TechnologyApplied Science
Design of a process to manufacture ethylene from ethane by means of a shock wave reactor
No full textThe aim of this project was to evaluate the possibility of building an economically viable SWR-plant while conforming to predetermined constraints and criteria. Globally, 117-million t/a ethylene is produced. The plant designed produces 1 Mt/a ethylene. The feedstock available is provided from neighbouring ethane-producing facilities. Information about SWR technology was provided through a patent issued by the project supervisor. This technology is relatively new and there are no known operating petrochemical plants utilizing this. The SWR plant designed has an annual runtime of 8400 hours. The total investment is 775 million US dollars and has an economical lifespan of 10 years, after which an estimated profit of 520 million dollars is made. Compared to current thermal cracking processes, SWR technology achieves a higher conversion and selectivity. Also, the model used for designing the SWR is adaptable to different kinds of chemical reactions affiliated with ethane pyrolysis.DelftChemTechApplied Science
Recommended from our members
An investigation into the effect of individual personality on reintroduction success, examples from three North American fox species: swift fox, California Channel Island fox and San Joaquin kit fox
No full textUnderstanding the influence of three-dimensional sidewall roughness on observed line-edge roughness in scanning electron microscopy images
No full textBackground: Line-edge roughness (LER) is often measured from top-down critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) images. The true three-dimensional roughness profile of the sidewall is typically ignored in such analyses. Aim: We study the response of a CD-SEM to sidewall roughness (SWR) by simulation. Approach: We generate random rough lines and spaces, where the SWR is modeled by a known power spectral density. We then obtain corresponding CD-SEM images using a Monte Carlo electron scattering simulator. We find the measured LER from these images and compare it to the known input roughness. Results: For isolated lines, the SEM measures the outermost extrusion of the rough sidewall. The result is that the measured LER is up to a factor of 2 less than the true on-wafer roughness. The effect can be modeled by making a top-down projection of the rough edge. Our model for isolated lines works fairly well for a dense grating of lines and spaces as long as the trench width exceeds the line height. Conclusions: In order to obtain and compare accurate LER values, the projection effect of SWR needs to be taken into account. ImPhys/Microscopy Instrumentation & Technique
Understanding the influence of 3D sidewall roughness on observed line-edge roughness in scanning electron microscopy images
No full textLine-edge roughness (LER) is often measured from top-down critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) images. The true three-dimensional roughness profile of the sidewall is typically ignored in such analyses. We study the response of a CD-SEM to sidewall roughness (SWR) by simulation. We generate random rough lines and spaces, where the SWR is modelled by a known power spectral density. We then obtain corresponding CD-SEM images using a Monte Carlo electron scattering simulator. We find the measured LER from these images, and compare it to the known input roughness. We find that, for isolated lines, the SEM measures the outermost extrusion of the rough sidewall. The result is that the measured LER is up to a factor 2 less than the true on-wafer roughness. The effect can be accurately modelled by making a top-down projection of the rough edge. Our model for isolated lines works fairly well for a dense grating of lines and spaces, as long as the trench width exceeds the line height.ImPhys/Microscopy Instrumentation & Technique
Komunikacyjna charakterystyka aktów rady, ostrzeżenia i groźby
No full textCommunicative characteristics of the acts of advice, warning and threatIn this article the author deals with speech acts: advice, warning, threat. The author analyzes the communication intentions of the speaker in these speech acts, and their structure and features. The analysis is performed on the materials of the Polish, Russian and German languages.Communicative characteristics of the acts of advice, warning and threatIn this article the author deals with speech acts: advice, warning, threat. The author analyzes the communication intentions of the speaker in these speech acts, and their structure and features. The analysis is performed on the materials of the Polish, Russian and German languages
Recommended from our members
A novel system for the capture and immobilization of striped skunks
No full textFrazeolog a Internet. Zarys relacji
No full textPhraseologist and the Internet. An outline of relationsTwenty years after Poland was included into the global Internet network, the author describes the Internet as aparticular kind of abroad context, as well as aresearch instrument. The author assesses the Internet from the phraseologist’s point of view, treating the Cyberspace as amatrix environment of phraseological units of all varieties of language and speech types, with search engines as instruments for highlighting and versatile verification of the units’ status. While appreciating the Internet’s countless number of advantages, the author also warns against uncritical acceptance of its data for research purposes, and proposes ademand for amanual of using the Web as an open corpus.Phraseologist and the Internet. An outline of relationsTwenty years after Poland was included into the global Internet network, the author describes the Internet as aparticular kind of abroad context, as well as aresearch instrument. The author assesses the Internet from the phraseologist’s point of view, treating the Cyberspace as amatrix environment of phraseological units of all varieties of language and speech types, with search engines as instruments for highlighting and versatile verification of the units’ status. While appreciating the Internet’s countless number of advantages, the author also warns against uncritical acceptance of its data for research purposes, and proposes ademand for amanual of using the Web as an open corpus
- …
