1,721,205 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Risk stratification of patients with covid-19 in the community
Full text linkBack when covid-19 was emerging and little was known about the disease, there was a monumental effort to understand the evolving data and develop prediction tools that patients, healthcare workers, and policy makers could use to optimise care. The unfortunate result was a tidal wave of poorly conceptualised prediction models, often using small convenience samples, incorporating little or no validation, and including no substantive plan for implementation.(1) As a result, most developed prediction tools were never meaningfully applied in clinical care.Examples of good practice existed, including two collaborative projects we were fortunate to be involved in – QCOVID (estimating risk of being hospitalised or dying due to catching covid-19) (2) and the ISARIC 4C models (estimating risk of dying or deteriorating after hospital admission with covid-19).(3,4) However, an obvious gap existed in the assessment of symptomatic patients in the community. As the disease profile has changed and the focus of care shifts to supporting diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring outside hospitals, this has become increasingly important.In the Lancet Digital Health, we welcome the study by Espinosa-Gonzalez and colleagues on the derivation and validation of two much-needed risk stratification tools for use in a community setting.(5) These pragmatic decision aids support the assessment of patients with covid-19 symptoms, seeking to identify those who will likely require further monitoring (RECAP-GP) and those in whom treatment escalation is warranted (RECAP-O2). They were developed according to a pre-published protocol and utilise linked primary and hospital healthcare records, together with data from the WhatsApp-based patient monitoring platform, Doctaly Assist.(6)What do these data tell us and how well do the models work? First, it is interesting to reflect on what the models actually capture. These were patients with symptoms of covid-19, but who did not necessarily have covid-19. This is pragmatic and appropriate, as a covid-19 diagnostic test may not be available at the time of assessment. But as covid-19 prevalence drops in the community, how patients are selected to use this tool will impact significantly on its performance.A second point of reflection goes by the unhelpful term, “incorporation bias”. The researchers here are testing to see if symptoms predict admission, but the same symptoms have likely been used to determine the need for the actual hospital admission. The prediction tool can therefore become a self-fulfilling prophecy, and this circularity can artificially increase sensitivity and specificity. The authors mitigate against this by requiring an admission to be at least one night (and by implication require clinical management rather than simply assessment), but the effects of this bias may persist. The RECAP-GP model performs well in the first external cohort (NWL), but the discrimination is poorer in the second (CCAS; AUROC 0.66) and similarly for RECAP-O2 (Doctaly-2; AUROC 0.68). These cohorts were from later in the pandemic and differences in population (younger and less comorbid), virus variants, and vaccination status may partly explain this.(7) Calibration (the performance of the model across the range of risk) is important (8) and while good to see included for the development dataset, it would have been useful for the external validation as well. Similarly, while good to see model performance presented by age and sex, it is important to ensure that it performs as well across different ethnic groups.As presented the models may confuse users. The risk of hospital readmission for those breathless on moderate exertion is lower than for those with mild exertion (RECAP-GP; similar finding in RECAP-O2). For instance, a 45 year-old male with hypertension and a fever complaining of moderate breathlessness will be flagged amber (8.1% risk) while the same patient describing only mild breathlessness will be flagged red (11.5% risk). This is likely explained by the incorporation of non-significant factor levels, but the resulting biological implausibility may reduce face validity.Applicability in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) must also be considered. Continued reduced access to vaccination, varied public health policy implementation and higher death rates (9,10) suggest research should be relevant and generalisable to such settings. The widespread absence of peripheral oxygen monitors means the RECAP-O2 model is currently unlikely have relevance beyond a select few countries. However, RECAP-GP has the potential for global clinical utility and validation in resource-limited settings is an urgent priority.We declare no competing interests.<br/
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