1,720,978 research outputs found
Pharmacological Characterization of Prejunctional Serotonin Receptors in Mammalian Anterior Uvea
No full textSerotonin (5-hydroxytiyptamine, 5-HT) and its receptors have been demonstrated in ocular tissues including the cornea, iris-ciliary body and retina of various species. The overall objective of the present study was two-fold: (a) to examine the effect of exogenous 5-HT on the release of radiolabeled stores of this amine ([3H]-5-HT) via an effect on prejunctional autoreceptors and (b) to investigate the role of prejunctional 5-HT heteroreceptors in regulation of radiolabeled norepinephrine ([3H]NE) release. Isolated bovine and human hemi-irides were prepared for studies of electrically-evoked [3H]-5-HT and [3H]NE release using the superfusion method.|Electrical field stimulation of iris-ciliary bodies preloaded with [3H]-5-HT caused an increase in tritium efflux over baseline. Since chromatographic separation of metabolized and unmetabolized [3H]-5-HT released from isolated bovine-iris-ciliary bodies showed that more than 60% was unmetabolized [3H]-5-HT, the observed stimulated tritium efflux was designated as [3H]-5-HT release. Both tetrodotoxin (TTX) and zero calcium buffer attenuated electrically-evoked [3H]-5-HT release without affecting basal tritium efflux, indicating a neuronal origin of the released [3H]-5-HT. Exogenously applied 5-HT (10 nM - 1 pM) produced a concentration-related enhancement of evoked [3H]-5-HT overflow without affecting basal tritium efflux in bovine and human iris-ciliary bodies.|Agonists selective for 5-HT6/7, 5-HT3, 5-HTia, 5-HTib/id, 5-HT2 and non- selective agonists all caused concentration-related enhancement in evoked [3H]-5-HT release from bovine tissues with the following rank order of potency (as measured by equipotent concentration ratio): 5-CT > m-CPBG > 2-methyl-5-HT > 5-MeO-DMT > 5-HT > 5-MeOT » L-694, 247 > CGS 12066A > 8-OH-DPAT. In human iris-ciliary bodies, both 5-HT and m-CPBG had excitatory effect on evoked [3H]-5-HT release, however this tissue was less sensitive to the effects of these agonists than bovine tissue. The agonists selective for 5-HT6/7 and 5-HT3 were more potent in eliciting an excitatory effect in bovine iris-ciliary bodies. Therefore, to further confirm the nature of the 5-HT receptor involved in mediating the release of [3H]-5-HT, the effect of antagonists active at 5-HT7, 5-HT6/7 and 5-HT3 receptors was examined, on the standard 5-HT response. The rank order of potency of the antagonists was (as measured by IC50): mesulergine > SB 258719 > clozapine > MDL-72222. Taken together, these findings indicate that the subtype of 5-HT prejunctional autoreceptors mediating the excitatory effect of this amine in the bovine iris-ciliary body belong to the 5-HT7 subclass.|To study the pharmacology of prejunctional 5-HT heteroreceptors in bovine and human iris-ciliary bodies, the effect of exogenous 5-HT was examined on the release of [3H]NE. The effect of various 5-HT receptor agonists were also tested for their excitatory or inhibitory action on the evoked release of [3H]NE. Both 5-HT and m-CPBG caused enhancementin the field-stimulated release of [3H]NE from bovine tissues. However, both 5-CT and 2-methyl-5-HT elicited a slight inhibitory effect, whereas the 5-HTia receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin (8-OH- DPAT), caused significant dose-related inhibition of evoked [3H]NE release. In human iris-ciliary bodies 5-HT caused a biphasic response on electrically-evoked [3H]NE release. Since 5-HT3 agonists, m-CPBG and 2- methyl-5-HT, produced a differential effect on 5-HT heteroreceptors release of [3H]NE, it cannot be stated unequivocally that 5-HT3 receptors are involved in regulating the excitatory effect of 5-HT in bovine iris- ciliary body. To further confirm the nature of the prejunctional heteroreceptors regulating [3H]NE release, the effect of 5-HT3 and 5-HTz receptor antagonists was examined on a standard response to 5-HT. Both mesulergine and MDL-72222 caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the response elicited by the standard 5-HT-induced response. The rank order of potency of the antagonists (as measured by IC30): mesulergine > MDL-72222. The high potency exhibited by mesulergine would support the classification of the prejunctional 5-HT heteroreceptors as belonging to the 5-HT7 subclass.|In conclusion, excitatory prejunctional 5-HT auto- and heteroreceptors are present in bovine and human iris-ciliary bodies. Both prejunctional 5-HT receptors present at serotonergic and adrenergic neurons to belong to the 5-HT7 subclass.ProQuest Traditional Publishing Optionxv, 96 page
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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