1,059 research outputs found
Spectacular Things Happen Along the Way: Lessons from an Urban Classroom by Brian D. Schultz
No full textBrian Schultz, author of Spectacular Things Happen Along the Way: Lessons from an Urban Classroom, serves as a model for innovation in co-constructing democratic curriculum with students and for challenging the resource, expectations, and funding gaps that exist for students who are marginalized on the basis of race, culture, language, or socioeconomic status. In a climate of assessment and prescribed curriculum, Schultz resists complacency and engages in critical pedagogy. The story that Schultz details in Spectacular Things Happen Along the Way provides lessons for pre-service and in-service teachers in development, motivation, learning, intelligence, culture, and assessment, as well as Schultz’s unraveling of the complexities and the rewards of being a reflective practitioner who learns alongside students in an authentic, student driven, curriculum
Armadilloniscus ninae Schultz 1984
No full textArmadilloniscus ninae Schultz, 1984 Figs 1, 2F, 13–14 Armadilloniscus ninae Schultz, 1984: 4, figs 1–2. Material examined COLOMBIA – Bolívar, Cartagena de Indias, Islas del Rosario, Isla Grande • 1 ♂ (parts in micropreparations); Paraíso Secreto; 10°10′15.9″ N, 75°44′38.8″ W; 24 Nov. 2017; C.M. López- Orozco leg.; CUDC-CRU 212 • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; CUDC-CRU 214 • 21 ♂♂, 61 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 4 Apr. 2018; C.M. López-Orozco, R. Borja-Arrieta and K. Meza leg.; CUDC-CRU 213 • 3 ♀♀; same locality as for preceding; 6 Sep. 2017; C.M. López- Orozco leg.; CUDC-CRU 215 • 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀ (one with parts in micropreparations); Caño Ratón; 10°10′33.4″ N, 75°44′52.4″ W; 24 Nov. 2017; C.M. López-Orozco leg.; CUDC-CRU 216 • 5 ♀♀; 10°10′44.91″ N, 75°44′53.01″ W; same collection data as for preceding; CUDC-CRU 217. CUBA – Cayo Piedras del Norte, Varadero • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; 8 Aug. 1985; A. Poggesi leg.; MZUF 1824. Redescription BODY. Color pale brown; cephalon, antennae, epimera of pereonites 1–7, epimera of pleonites 1–5 and uropod protopods more pigmented; pereon and pleon with median and paramedian region more depigmented (Fig. 2F). Body elongated and elliptical-shaped (Fig. 13A). Dorsal surface bearing elongated scale-setae (Fig. 13B). Cephalon and pereon covered with small tubercles (Fig. 13A, C–D): cephalon bearing six tubercles in two rows, anterior row with two and posterior row with four; pereonites 1–7 with one row of 8 tubercles. CEPHALON. Lateral lobes well developed and directed outwards, median lobe triangular, slightly surpassing distal margin of lateral lobes, frontal and suprantennal lines absent; eyes consisting of 5 ommatidia (Fig. 13C–D). PLEON. Outline continuous with that of pereonite 7, epimera of pleonites 3–5 rectangular (Fig. 13A, E). Telson (Fig. 13E) triangular, wider than long, lateral margins almost straight, broadly rounded apex. ANTENNULA. Composed of two articles, second article bearing many lateral setae, distal margin bearing one flagellar seta and two aesthetascs (Fig. 13F). ANTENNA. When extended posteriorly slightly surpassing pereonite 1, flagellum of four articles (Fig. 13G). BUCCAL PIECES. As in Armadilloniscus luisi sp. nov. UROPOD. Protopod enlarged with distal margin slightly rounded, exopod not surpassing protopod, endopod longer than exopod (Fig. 13E). PEREOPODS. Pereopods 1–7 stout, merus to propodus bearing sparse setae on sternal margin, carpus 1 with strong distal seta bearing long sensilla, dactylus with elongated and digitform ungual seta, dactylar seta elongated, apically cleft and plumose. Male PEREOPODS 1 AND 7. Without any sexual modifications (Fig. 14A–B). GENITAL PAPILLA. Ventral shield stout triangular, papilla rounded at apex, bearing small setae (Fig. 14C). PLEOPODS. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 14D) exopod ovoid, wider than long; endopod stout, three times as long as exopod, apical portion slightly bent inwards. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 14E) exopod ovoid, wider than long; endopod with flagelliform distal article. Exopods of pleopods 3–5 as in Fig. 14F–H. Remarks Schultz (1984) described A. ninae from San Pedro beach, Ambergris Cay, Belize. Comparing Shultz’s description with the specimens examined here, it was possible to observe that almost all characters mentioned, including the pale dorsal pigmentation, are quite similar. However, Schultz (1984) mentioned that A. ninae has eyes composed of 14 ommatidia and antennula with three articles, and herein the specimens showed the eyes composed of 5 ommatidia and antennula of two articles. Most probably, the author misinterpreted the composition of the eyes of this species, since the illustrations of the cephalon clearly show a smaller number. The same statement can be applied to the antennula. In general, within Oniscidea, the composition of the antennula does not vary within the genera, with just few exceptions (see Schmidt 2002, 2003). Moreover, analyzing other representatives of Armadilloniscus, it is possible to observe that the antennula is always composed of two articles (see Taiti & Ferrara 1989; Kwon & Wang 1996). Therefore, we identify our specimens as A. ninae. Distribution This species was previously recorded only from San Pedro beach, Ambergris Cay, Belize (Schultz 1984). First record for Colombia and Cuba.Published as part of López-Orozco, Carlos Mario, Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia M., Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo, Navas-S, Gabriel R., Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Taiti, Stefano, Mateos, Mariana, Olazaran, Alexandra, Caballero, Isabel C., Jotty, Karick, Gómez-Estrada, Harold & Hurtado, Luis A., 2022, A glimpse into a remarkable unknown diversity of oniscideans along the Caribbean coasts revealed on a tiny island, pp. 1-50 in European Journal of Taxonomy 793 on pages 26-29, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.793.1643, http://zenodo.org/record/603789
Fig. 13. Armadilloniscus ninae Schultz, 1984 in A glimpse into a remarkable unknown diversity of oniscideans along the Caribbean coasts revealed on a tiny island
No full textFig. 13. Armadilloniscus ninae Schultz, 1984, ♀ (CDUC-CRU 216). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Dorsal scale-seta. C. Cephalon, dorsal view. D. Cephalon, frontal view. E. Pleon, telson and uropods. F. Antennula. G. Antenna.Published as part of López-Orozco, Carlos Mario, Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia M., Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo, Navas-S, Gabriel R., Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Taiti, Stefano, Mateos, Mariana, Olazaran, Alexandra, Caballero, Isabel C., Jotty, Karick, Gómez-Estrada, Harold & Hurtado, Luis A., 2022, A glimpse into a remarkable unknown diversity of oniscideans along the Caribbean coasts revealed on a tiny island, pp. 1-50 in European Journal of Taxonomy 793 on page 27, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.793.1643, http://zenodo.org/record/603789
With the help of one's neighbors - externalities in the production of nutrition in Peru
No full textBoth public, and private resources contribute to children's nutritional status. And investments by one household may improve health in other neighborhood households, by improving the sanitation environment, and increasing shared knowledge. The authors measure the externalities of investments in nutrition, by indicatingthe impact of women's education in Peruvian neighborhoods, on children's nutrition in other households, after controlling for those households'education, and income. They find that in rural areas this shared knowledge has a significant impact on nutrition. The coefficient of an increase in the average education in the neighborhood is appreciably larger than the coefficient of education in isolation. That is, educating women in rural areas, improves all children's nutritional status, even for those whose caregivers are themselves not educated. In both urban, and rural areas, they observe externalities from investments in sanitation made by neighboring households. They do not find the same externalities in the case of investments, only in the household water supply. There is a direct link between the caregivers'education, and their children's health status. Education transmits information about health, and nutrition. It teaches numeracy, and literacy, which help caregivers read labels, and instructions. Bu exposing caregivers to new environments, it makes them receptive to modern medical treatment. It gives women the confidence to participate in decision-making within a household, and it gives men, and women the confidence to interact with health care professionals.Health Economics&Finance,Urban Services to the Poor,Urban Services to the Poor,Decentralization,Public Health Promotion,Urban Services to the Poor,Urban Services to the Poor,Health Economics&Finance,Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions,Town Water Supply and Sanitation
Polyipnus notatus Harold, Kemp & Shore, 2016, new species
No full textPolyipnus notatus new species Fig. 2, Table 1 Polyipnus triphanos (non Schultz): Harold, 1994: 495 (in part, CAS 56034 only, and map, fig. 30). Polyipnus triphanos Schultz 1938. In part (USNM 103028, one specimen, 21.2 mm SL, Celebes Sea, P. triphanos paratype). Holotype: USNM 361926 (27.7 mm), 22 ° 17 ’N, 120 ° 21 ’E, South China Sea, SW of Taiwan, (0–) 200 m, 1000– 1200 h, R/V Jen-Ming-Fa, coll. by J. Ta-Ming Wang, 0 5 Feb 1995. Paratypes. (22, 17.6–30.7 mm). ASIZP 62376 (10, 21.8–30.7 mm), 22 ° 44 'N, 120 ° 55 'E, South China Sea, off Tungkang, Taiwan. CAS 56034 (10, 17.6 –30.0 mm; one specimen, 29.5 mm, cleared and counter-stained), 22 ° 23 'N 120 ° 25 'E, South China Sea, off Tungkang, Taiwan, coll. by Weise Chang, field number WC 18 -XI-83, 18 Nov 1983. USNM 427221 (2, 18.3–26.2 mm), collected with holotype. Non-types. USNM 103028 (1 of 2, 21.2 mm), 0 8 ° 37 ' 45 "N 124 ° 36 ' 45 "E, Celebes Sea, (0–) 488 m, R/V Albatross Sta. 5500, 0 4 Aug 1909, Polyipnus triphanos paratype (17.6 mm specimen in this lot cannot be reliably identified to species). ZMUC P 206962 (1, 28.9 mm), off Batangas, Philippines, 13 ° 32 ’N, 121 ° 21 ’E, 600 mwo, depth 450 m, R/V Dana, Sta. 3733 -2, 15 Oct 1929. ZMUC P 206963 (2, 26.5–30.4 mm; 30.4 mm specimen cleared and counter-stained), north of Mindanao, Philippines, 0 9 ° 17 ’N, 123 ° 58 ’E, 600 mwo, depth 1770 m, R/V Dana, Sta. 3736 -6, 28 Jun 1929. Diagnosis. Unique pattern of dark dorsal pigmentation, with narrow, distinctly triangular vertical lateral bar extending ventrally of predorsal blade to near midline (Fig. 2), compared with a typically broad lateral pigment bar in the other members of the P. asteroides species group, P. as t e ro i d e s Schultz, 1938, P. bruuni Harold, 1994, P. clarus Harold, 1994, P. l aternat us Garman, 1899, P. po l l i Schultz, 1961, and P. triphanos Schultz, 1938 (Harold, 1994: figs. 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, respectively). Ventral margin of dorsal pigment anterior of lateral pigment bar nearly straight and horizontal (Fig. 2), not arched as in other members of the species group. Very small gap between ACB and ACC photophore clusters in most specimens (mean 1.9 left side, 1.8 right side, range 0.9–3.2 % SL, in specimens greater than 20 mm SL), compared with mean 5.6 left side, 5.5 right side, range 2.4–7.8 % SL in P. triphanos (sensu stricto) and 2.2–5.8 combined range for other members of the P. as t e ro i de s species group. Other characters in combination: ACB photophores 9–10 (7 and 8 observed in 17.6 mm specimen); 7–9 in P. triphanos species complex (Table 2), values of 10 or higher present only in Atlantic species P. asteroides, P. c l ar u s and P. laternatus, and gill rakers 14–15 (16–24 total range for remaining members of group) (Table 3). Description. 23 specimens: (27.7 mm) 17.6–30.7 mm. Maximum observed body size 30.7 mm SL. D (11) 10– 12 [23]. A (18) 17–18 [22]. Posteriormost ray of both dorsal and anal fins divided completely to its base. P (14) 12– 14 [22]. V (7) 6–7 [6]. C 10 dorsal and 9 ventral segmented rays. Dorsal adipose fin present. GR (4) 4–5 + (10) 9– 11 = (14) 14–15 [16]. Branchiostegal rays 10 (7 anterior ceratohyal + 3 posterior ceratohyal). Total vertebrae (33) 33–34 [22]. Scales deciduous. Remaining scales thickened and modified in association with photophores. Body profile anterior of dorsal fin and pelvic fin broadly elliptical, although dorsal profile of head from premaxilla to occiput nearly straight, from that point to dorsal-fin origin nearly straight, with a broadly obtuse angle, its apex located at occiput. Profile from dorsal-fin origin to caudal peduncle nearly straight, but with slight convexity posteriorly; ventral margin of abdomen (PV photophore outline) slightly convex, profile from pelvic-fin base to anal-fin origin (ventral margin of VAV photophore scales) slightly convex, profile of anal-fin base gently sinusoidal with slight concavity anteriorly; caudal peduncle slightly elongate and tapered posteriorly. ACB photophores Dorsal-fin Rays Anal-fin Rays Pectoral-fin Rays Vertebrae Orbit slightly ovate, with elongation in anterodorsal to posteroventral direction. Dentition characters based on one cleared and counter-stained specimen (CAS 56034, 29.5 mm): premaxillary teeth uniserial, 39 left and 36 right, conical to slightly recurved; maxillary teeth minute and conical, biserial with 19 left to 22 right teeth in lateral series on margin of bone and about 6 in medial series scattered along length of bone. Ventral margin of dentary gently convex, with lower jaw terminating posteriorly in acute ventrally directed angle. Dentary teeth slightly larger than maxillary teeth, conical to slightly recurved, 14 in main series along length of bone, two additional series of 5 or 6 recurved teeth near symphysis. Palatine teeth 2, anteriormost tooth conical and about half the length of medial premaxillary teeth, posterior tooth about a quarter the length of other tooth (both sides of cleared and stained specimen). Endopterygoid teeth absent. Vomerine teeth about equal in size to medial premaxillary teeth, recurved, 3 on left lateral process, 2 medially, and 2 on right lateral process, no teeth present on elongate posteromedian process. Gill rakers moderately elongate, with 3–5 longitudinal series of minute conical teeth confined to medial and lateral surfaces. Pseudobranch present, with 10 filaments. Parietal crest discontinuous; anterior portion a laterally compressed, sheet-like ridge, posterior region with two conical spines in the median plane, directed anteriorly and posteriorly; gap between anterior and posterior portions of crest variously occluded by ossification. Parietal with small conical spine posteriorly. Posttemporal spine relatively short, (5.9) 4.8–13.1 % HL), acutely triangular, non-serrate, posterodorsally directed. Exserted anteroventral margin of cleithrum (pectoral shield) with three or four posteroventrally-directed small conical spines. Preopercular rami smooth, lacking serration; one short preopercular spine, (3.8) 5.0– 9.8 % HL, in posteroventral angle. Dorsal spinous process with smooth exterior surfaces, terminating posterodorsally in bilateral conical posterodorsally-directed spines. Pelvic (iliac) spine single, acutely triangular but with slight concavity on anterior surface, directed posteroventrally. Anal-fin pterygiophore spine absent, with rounded body of cartilage present only. Gill Rakers Ventral margins of photophore scales lacking spines or denticles. ACA 1 + 2 with # 2 and # 3 highly elevated with respect to # 1. ACB (10) 7–10 [23], 9 or 10 in all but smallest specimen (17.6 mm SL), with dorsal step between # 3 and # 4, very small gap between ACB and ACC, mean 1.9 left side, 1.8 right side, (2.4) 0.9–3.2 % SL in specimens greater than 20 mm SL (Fig. 3), appearing in some specimens as a nearly continuous series from ACB to ACC. OVB 1+1+1, in a V configuration but with anteriormost photophore (#1) elevated with respect to #3. Counts of remaining photophore series/clusters consistent with other species of Polyipnus: BR 6, IP 6, L 1, OP 1+1+1, ORB 1, OVA 3. PV 10, VAV 5. Pigmentation in preservative. Ventral margin of dark brown dorsal pigment below dorsal fin nearly parallel to fin base, not extended ventrally in the form of a saddle (Fig. 2). Dorsal pigment with a distinct predorsal inflection or notch extending dorsally towards but not reaching anterior base of dorsal fin; ventral margin of dorsal pigment below dorsal fin nearly parallel to base of fin, not forming a ventrally extended saddle-like pattern. Moderately long, typically acutely triangular (occasionally rounded termination), lateral pigment bar extending ventrally from near anterior portion of predorsal blade, not reaching lateral midline. Ventral margin of dark dorsal pigment anterior of lateral pigment bar nearly straight and horizontal (Fig. 2). Dorsal pigment also with areas of concentrated dark chromatophores in series along base of dorsal fin, continuing posteriorly to dorsal surface of caudal peduncle where pigment is most concentrated as a blotch. Dark brown to black chromatophores delineating pattern of body segments, including pleural ribs and posterior myosepta, and passing through lateral midline where pigment is most concentrated, creating effect of midlateral row of pigment spots, most visible in posterior half of body. Other dark pigment associated with glandular portion of photophores and photophore reflectors (modified scales), dorsal margin of orbit, frontal and parietal crests, cheek and opercular region, lateral surface of head immediately posterodorsally to orbit and immediately anterior to external rami of posttemporal, posteriormost ventral margin of lower jaw, and exterior surfaces of eye. Dorsal surface of caudal peduncle with a concentration of dark pigment in the form of a blotch; bases of caudal-fin rays, unpigmented or with only one or two dark chromatophores. Etymology. The specific epithet notatus is a Latin adjective meaning marked, or having been marked, in reference to the distinctive shape of the lateral pigment bar. Distribution. Polyipnus notatus is known almost entirely from collections from off Taiwan in the South China Sea. Other occurrences are restricted to the Celebes Sea (USNM 103028) and two localities off the Philippines (ZMUC P 206962 and ZMUC P 206963). Precise depth of capture is unknown because the specimens were all collected by open tow. Available collection data show the maximum depth of capture to be 200 m for the holotype (USNM 361926), and 450, 488 and 1770 m for the three non-type lots, indicating a position in the upper water column at the transition between the meso- and epipelagic zones.Published as part of Harold, Antony S., Kemp, Iris M. & Shore, Sarah K., 2016, A new species of Polyipnus (Teleostei: Stomiiformes) from the western Pacific, with comments on the P. triphanos species complex, pp. 555-564 in Zootaxa 4111 (5) on pages 556-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4111.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/25621
Food security and health security : explaining the levels of nutrition in Pakistan
No full textMost influential studies of malnutrition and public policy have focused on energy availability and consumption, tending to equate hunger with malnutrition. But recent studies have explored how other factors - notably infection and levels of maternal education - affect nutrition. Alderman and Garcia's study of nutrition levels in Pakistan shows that raising household food consumption, for example, has less impact on nutritional levels than raising a mother's education does. They found that educating mothers to at least the primary level tends to reduce the level of child stunting 16.5 percent, or roughly 10 times the impact achieved by increasing per capita income 10 percent. (The impact of education is not immediately realized; the diffusion of knowledge about good hygiene and child care associated with learning has a cumulative effect.) Alderman and Garcia found that in Pakistan, food security alone is not enough to improve children's nutritional status. There may be welfare justifications for various food policies, but in rural Pakistan, especially, it is equally important to improve health and reduce infection.Health Economics&Finance,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Early Child and Children's Health,Environmental Economics&Policies,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems
Tagging of Biomedical Articles on CiteULike: A Comparison of User, Author and Professional Indexing
No full textThis paper examines the context of online indexing from the viewpoint of three different groups: users, authors, and professional indexers. User tags, author keywords and descriptors were collected from academic journal articles, which were both indexed in Pubmed and tagged on CiteULike, and analysed. Descriptive statistics, informetric measures, and thesaural term comparison shows that there are important differences in the use of keywords between the three groups in addition to similarities which can be used to enhance support for search and browse. While tags and author keywords were found that matched descriptors exactly, other terms which did not match but provided important expansion to the indexing lexicon were found. These additional terms could be used to enhance support for searching and browsing in article databases as well as to provide invaluable data for entry vocabulary and emergent terminology for regular updates to indexing systems. Additionally, the study suggests that tags support organisation by association to task, projects and subject while making important connections to traditional systems which classify into subject categories
Positron beam study of annealed silicon nitride films
No full textPositron annihilation spectroscopy has been used to study silicon nitride films grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and annealed at different temperatures. For both silicon-rich and nitrogen-rich films, the positron line shape (S) parameter increases after annealing for 15 min at temperatures up to 700-800 degrees C. This is understood in terms of the fact that removal of the hydrogen by annealing leads to the presence of unpassivated silicon dangling bond sites and vacancy complexes. Annealing at higher temperatures leads to a reduction in the S parameter, consistent with further hydrogen removal producing unpassivated N- sites. (C) 1996 American Institute of Physics.PT: J; CR: ASOKAKUMAR P, 1994, J APPL PHYS, V76, P4935 GOLDBERG RD, 1995, APPL SURF SCI, V85, P287 GOSSMANN HJ, 1992, APPL PHYS LETT, V61, P540 HABRAKEN FHP, 1991, LPCVD SILICON NITRID, P118 HAKVOORT RA, 1991, APPL PHYS LETT, V59, P1687 HAKVOORT RA, 1993, THESIS DELFT U TECHN HEYNS M, 1991, LPCVD SILICON NITRID, P82 LANDFORD WA, 1978, J APPL PHYS, V49, P2473 LANDFORD WA, 1992, NUCL INSTRUM METH B, V66, P65 LANDHEER D, 1995, J APPL PHYS, V78, P2568 LU Z, 1995, J VAC SCI TECHNOL 1, V13, P607 LYNN KG, 1989, CAN J PHYS, V67, P618 MITCHELL LV, 1990, AIP C P, V218, P121 PEROVIC DD, 1991, PHYS REV B, V43, P14257 RUBLOFF GW, 1990, VACUUM, V41, P790 SCHULTZ PJ, 1988, NUCL INSTRUM METH B, V30, P94 SCHULTZ PJ, 1988, PHYS REV LETT, V61, P187 SCHULTZ PJ, 1988, REV MOD PHYS, V60, P701 SIMPSON PJ, 1991, PHYS REV B, V44, P12180 SMITH DL, 1990, J ELECTROCHEM SOC, V137, P614 SMITH DL, 1990, MATER RES SOC S P, V165, P69; NR: 21; TC: 1; J9: J APPL PHYS; PG: 5; GA: TY119Source type: Electronic(1
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