1,720,991 research outputs found
Complementary and alternative medicine
No full textAlthough a number of people advocate and use Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), serious thinkers have doubts about its efficacy and the morality of its use. CAM is, in any case, difficult to define since many people use the term to refer to a diverse group of healthcare practices. In this entry I consider the ethical justification of CAM through a balanced assessment of the four principles of modern bioethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. As with conventional medicine, informed ethical debates in CAM are intrinsically linked to evidential-epistemological issues. Some claim that CAM practices do not meet the standards of evidence-based medicine and thus, that their use is unethical. Others claim the principles of evidence-based medicine are misguided. This dispute is best evaluated in a broader debate about the appropriate evidential standards for the use of all healthcare practices. Inasmuch as this is true, a careful investigation of ethical issues concerning CAM can inform other ethical and evidential debates about conventional medicine
The friendly relationship between therapeutic empathy and person-centred care
Full text link‘Person-centred care’ and ‘empathy’ are receiving an increasing amount of attention in the healthcare literature. These two concepts are related; however, their relationship has hitherto not been rigorously explored. In this paper we review the differences and commonalities between common definitions of the two concepts. We found that therapeutic empathy requires both interpersonal understanding (achieved via one of several potential means) as well as caring action. We also found that person-centred care could be defined as follows:Person-centred care is therapeutic empathy (interpersonal understanding and caring action) together with continuity, coordination, teamwork, access and empowerment.Conceived this way, therapeutic empathy is included within person-centred care, but not vice-versa. There are three important consequences of our analysis. First, empathy training can provide one of the means by which (part of) person-centred care can be achieved. Second, researchers and practitioners can use our analysis of empathy and person-centred care to collaborate in approaches to both research and training. Third, philosophers, who sometimes take empathy to be a foundational concept in interpersonal understanding, can use our findings to inform their work. Finally, we hope to have provided more clarity not just on the relationship between empathy and person-centred care, but also on the nature of those two individual concepts
The importance of differentiating behavioural and psychological treatment effects from placebo in respiratory interventions
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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