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L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine (glutathione; GSH) and GSH-related enzymes in the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines: A signaling transcriptional scenario for redox(y) immunologic sensor(s)?
No full textOf the antioxidant-prooxidant mechanisms mediating the regulation of inflammatory mediators, particularly cytokines, oxidative stress-related pathways remain a cornerstone. It is conspicuous that there is a strong association between free radical accumulation (ROS-RNS; oxidative stress) and the evolution of inflammation and inflammatory-related responses. The scenario that upholds a consensus on the aforementioned is still evolving to unravel, from an immunologic perspective, the molecular mechanisms associated with ROS-RNS-dependent inflammation. Cytokines are keynote players when it comes to defining an intimate relationship among reduction-oxidation (redox) signals, oxidative stress and inflammation. How close we are to identifying the molecular basis of this intricate association should be weighed against the involvement of specific signaling molecules and, potentially, transcription factors. l-γ-Glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine, or glutathione (GSH), an antioxidant thiol, has shaped, and still is refining, the face of oxidative signaling in terms of regulating the milieu of inflammatory mediators, ostensibly via the modulation (expression-repression) of oxygen- and redox-responsive transcription factors, hence termed redox(y)-sensitive cofactors. When it comes to the arena of oxygen sensing, oxidative stress and inflammation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) are key players that determine antioxidant-prooxidant responses with oxidative challenge. It is the theme therein to underlie current understanding of the molecular association hanging between oxidative stress and the evolution of inflammation, walked through an elaborate discussion on the role of transcription factors and cofactors. Would that classify glutathione and other redox signaling cofactors as potential anti-inflammatory molecules emphatically remains of particular interest, especially in the light of identifying upstream and downstream molecular pathways for conceiving therapeutic, alleviating strategy for oxidant-mediated, inflammatory-related disease conditions. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Acker T, 2002, J MOL MED-JMM, V80, P562, DOI 10.1007-s00109-002-0355-1; AILLET F, 1994, AIDS RES HUM RETROV, V10, P405, DOI 10.1089-aid.1994.10.405; Akgul C, 2003, CELL MOL LIFE SCI, V60, P2402, DOI 10.1007-s00018-003-3110-z; Albina JE, 2001, AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH, V281, pC1971; Amano K, 2004, J MOL CELL CARDIOL, V36, P469, DOI 10.1016-j.yjmcc.2004.01.006; Antonicelli F, 2004, AM J PHYSIOL-LUNG C, V286, pL1319, DOI 10.1152-ajplung.00329.2003; Antonicelli F, 2002, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V32, P492, DOI 10.1016-S0891-5849(01)00820-6; Aprelikova O, 2004, J CELL BIOCHEM, V92, P491, DOI 10.1002-jcb.20067; Awasthi S, 2003, INT J CANCER, V106, P635, DOI 10.1002-ijc.11260; Azevedo-Martins AK, 2003, DIABETES, V52, P93, DOI 10.2337-diabetes.52.1.93; Baby SM, 2003, HISTOCHEM CELL BIOL, V120, P343, DOI 10.1007-s00418-003-0588-2; Bacon NCM, 1998, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V249, P811, DOI 10.1006-bbrc.1998.9234; Balamurugan K, 2002, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V33, P1622, DOI 10.1016-S0891-5849(02)01115-2; Barbieri SS, 2004, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V37, P156, DOI 10.1016-j.freeradbiomed.2004.04.020; Barrett EG, 1999, TOXICOL APPL PHARM, V158, P211, DOI 10.1006-taap.1999.8716; Bazan NG, 2002, MOL NEUROBIOL, V26, P283, DOI 10.1385-MN:26:2-3:283; Belvisi MG, 2000, EUR RESPIR J, V15, P579, DOI 10.1034-j.1399-3003.2000.15.25.x; Berger AP, 2003, PROSTATE, V57, P57, DOI 10.1002-pros.10279; BERNARD GR, 1991, AM J MED S3C, V91, P54; Berra E, 2003, EMBO J, V22, P4082, DOI 10.1093-emboj-cdg392; Berra E, 2001, EMBO REP, V2, P615, DOI 10.1093-embo-reports-kve130; Berra E, 2001, FEBS LETT, V491, P85, DOI 10.1016-S0014-5793(01)02159-7; Blanchard JA, 2001, DIGEST DIS SCI, V46, P2768; Bogatcheva NV, 2003, J INVEST MED, V51, P341, DOI 10.2310-6650.2003.8947; Bracken CP, 2003, CELL MOL LIFE SCI, V60, P1376, DOI 10.1007-s00018-003-2370-y; Brennan P, 1996, BIOCHEM J, V320, P975; Brigelius-Flohe R, 2004, ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS, V423, P66, DOI 10.1016-j.abb.2003.12.008; BrigeliusFlohe R, 1997, BIOCHEM J, V328, P199; BUNNELL E, 1993, AM REV RESPIR DIS, V148, P174; Cai ZQ, 2003, CIRCULATION, V108, P79, DOI 10.1161-01.CIR.0000078635.89229.8A; Caldwell CC, 2001, J IMMUNOL, V167, P6140; CANTIN AM, 1989, AM REV RESPIR DIS, V139, P370; Carlsen H, 2004, MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M, V551, P199, DOI 10.1016-j.mrfmmm.2004.02.024; Chandrasekar B, 2000, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V28, P1579, DOI 10.1016-S0891-5849(00)00273-2; Chapman-Smith A, 2004, J BIOL CHEM, V279, P5353, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M310041200; Chapple ILC, 1997, J CLIN PERIODONTOL, V24, P287, DOI 10.1111-j.1600-051X.1997.tb00760.x; Chen CY, 1998, ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS, V356, P127, DOI 10.1006-abbi.1998.0761; Cherbonnier C, 2003, BRIT J CANCER, V89, P1108, DOI 10.1038-sj.bjc.6601223; Chiu H, 2003, AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L, V285, pG959, DOI 10.1152-ajpgi.00219.2003; Cho S, 1998, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V253, P104, DOI 10.1006-bbrc.1998.9697; Coles BF, 2003, BIOFACTORS, V17, P115; Cramer Thorsten, 2003, Cell Cycle, V2, P192; Csala M, 2003, BIOFACTORS, V17, P27; Czyzyk-Krzeska MF, 2004, TRENDS MOL MED, V10, P146, DOI 10.1016-j.molmed.2004.02.004; Dafre AL, 2003, NEUROSCI LETT, V345, P65, DOI 10.1016-S0304-3940(03)00510-X; Dalle-Donne I, 2003, FREE RADICAL BIO MED, V35, P1185, DOI 10.1016-S0891-5849(03)00504-5; D'Angelo G, 2003, J BIOL CHEM, V278, P38183, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M302244200; D'Angelo G, 2003, J BIOL CHEM, V278, P15406, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M211293200; De C. 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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cytokines and the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α
No full textHypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-an oxygen sensor? The HIF-oxygen sensing association type of dogma is, unequivocally, well anchored. But this is only one face of, at least, a double-sided coin. Current concepts charge HIF of taking sides with a yet not well-founded identity-an immunologic sensor and-or regulator. Or, is it really a sensor, put it more correctly, a key player in sensing mechanisms? The evolving association between HIF and immunity emanates from an established linkage that bonds oxidative stress and inflammation-notably the 'biologic response modifiers', or cytokines. HIF is a redox(y)-sensitive transcription factor, and so are cytokines. Recently, cytokines emerged as major regulators of HIF, under physiologic conditions extending the realm of hypoxia. Alternatively, can HIF, like the so infamous inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, prove itself as a key player in the regulation of cytokines and, subsequently, the inflammatory process. The targeting of HIF would be, at least theoretically, of therapeutic value, but does it make sense given its intricate role in hypoxia signaling? 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Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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