7 research outputs found
Daya Tampung Ternak Ruminansia di Daerah Pertanian Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan
No full textABSTRACT. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi hijauan pakan ternak asal limbah panen pertanian terhadap daya tampung ternak ruminansia di daerah pertanian Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksploratif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Model analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi pakan hijauan di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan yaitu 324.834,11 ton BK/tahun dengan jerami padi sebesar 92.735,83 ton BK/tahun, jerami jagung sebesar 20.713,50 ton BK/tahun, jerami kacang – kacangan sebesar 706,50 ton BK/tahun, dan limbah daun umbi-umbian sebesar 179,70 ton BK/tahun. Kapasitas tampung hijauan pakan terhadap populasi ternak ruminansia di kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan yaitu sebesar 324.834,11 ST dan memiliki indeks daya dukung (IDD) ternak masuk kategori aman untuk penyediaan pakan ternak. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan dengan hasil limbah panen pertanian dapat mengembangkan populasi ternak ruminansia sampai 321.137,62 ST.
(Carrying capacity for ruminant livestock in agriculture area of South Tapanuli district)
ABSTRAK. The study aimed to evaluate the potential of carrying capacity of forage in agriculture area of South Tapanuli District for ruminant livestock. Descriptive analyze and secondary data were used for method analyze. The result of this study showed that forages production are 324,834.11 ton DM/year, consist of 20,713.50 ton DM of rice straw, 20,713.50 ton DM of corn stover, 706.50 ton DM of nuts straw and 179,70 ton DM of rhizomes residues. Carrying capacity of ruminant population in South Tapanuli district was 324,834.11 AU. The land carrying capacity index for ruminant development was in “safe” category. In conclusion, South Tapanuli district was could to develop ruminant population up to 321,137.62 AU with the support of crop by product
Effects of indigofera zollingeriana and ammonium sulfate-ca(oh)₂ as protein and non-protein nitrogen supplement on in vitro ruminal fermentation
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of a combined protein–non-protein nitrogen (NPN) supplement based on Indigofera zollingeriana and ammonium sulfate-Ca(OH)2 on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. A completely randomized design was applied with five treatments, N0 (100% ammonium sulfate), ID0 (100% Indigofera), NID19 (NPN: Indigofera = 1:9), NID11 (1:1), and NID91 (9:1), with six replications. Parameters measured included ammonia (NH₃) concentration, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetate, propionate, butyrate, microbial protein synthesis (MPS), dry matter degradation, total gas production, and methane production (CH₄). The NID19 treatment associated with significantly higher (P<0.05) total VFA (380.99 mM), acetate (350.87 mM), microbial protein (17.79 mg/dL), and gas production (97.67 mL), while resulting in lower NH₃ than N0. The N0 treatment exhibited the highest NH₃ (117.48 mM) but the lowest gas and methane production. The inclusion of Ca(OH)₂ in the protein–NPN supplement reduced NH₃ concentration, gas production, gas production rate, and methane output. Meanwhile, Indigofera inclusion contributed to higher microbial protein synthesis, VFA concentrations, and dry matter degradation in the rumen
Effect of fermentation of herbal products on growth performance, breast meat quality, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens: a meta-analysis
No full textAlthough it has widely been applied in human applications for therapeutic purposes, the use of fermented herbal products to improve growth performance in broiler chickens is still disputable. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of fermented versus unfermented herbal products in improving the growth performance, breast meat quality, and small intestinal morphology of broiler chickens and to determine the optimal conditions according to meta-analysis and response surface methodology. The database was developed based on 23 articles comprising 123 data points collected in 2023. The metadata was analysed using OpenMEE and R, with the inclusion of fermented herbal products as fixed factors and individual studies as random factors. The optimal dosage was determined using response surface methodology (RSM). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was detected between unfermented and fermented herbal products in terms of broiler body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter phase. The principal notable impact is associated with the utilisation of Zingiber officinale and fermenting agents, such as Lactobacillus sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both treatments resulted in a substantial reduction (p < 0.01) in the FCR. According to the meta-regression, growth performance exhibited a consistent pattern with the results of the meta-analysis, including overall production parameters during the starter phase (p < 0.05), such as body weight, average daily gain, and daily feed intake. Significant differences were detected in breast meat quality, particularly in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05), as well as in the morphology of the digestive tract, such as duodenum crypt depth, villus height, and their ratio (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that fermenting dietary herbs can enhance the growth, breast meat quality, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens, particularly during their initial growth phase. It is envisaged that broiler producers ferment herbs before adding them to chicken feed at ∼26.3 g/kg
Effects of slow-release ammonium sulfate as non-protein nitrogen sources on rumen fermentation characteristics: An in vitro study
No full textThe Use of R Programming Language for Modelling
No full textThe in vitro gas production technique is one of the feed evaluation methods that capture the characteristics of rumen microbial fermentation in response to the gas produced by feed ingredients. The gas production response is related and modelled to a unit of time with several parameters using non-linear regression mathematical equations. To facilitate this task, a script program in R has been developed that can perform the intended calculations. The calculation process uses nonlinear mathematical equations with intercepts. The equation shows that gas production (P) (mL) is influenced by several constants that indicate the share of gas production from the soluble fraction (FA) (mL), gas production from the potentially soluble part (FB) (mL), gas production rate (KC) (mL/h) and incubation time (T) (h). In addition to P and T, the three constants are tried to be derived by the program created. The data set is taken from several in vitro gas production studies that have been conducted previously. The Neway Software program of curve fitting calculations was used to validate the results, as the mean difference was tested using an unpaired T-test. Both programs showed the same calculation results for FA (P=0.9996), FB (P=0.9998), and KC (P=0.9962). The residual standard error (RSE) and R-square (R2) values of both programs also came with the same result they were RSE (P =0.9978), and R2 (P=0.6087) respectively. This shows that the R program script made can carry out the calculation process of making a model of the gas production equation for modeling in vitro gas production from rumen fermentation
Effects of various macroalgae species on methane production, rumen fermentation, and ruminant production: A meta-analysis from in vitro and in vivo experiments
No full textA meta-analysis was performed to examine the dietary inclusion of marine macroalgae species to target methane (CH4) reduction from ruminant animals and the effects on rumen fermentation and animal performance. A literature search was conducted from global scientific databases, resulting in 25 in vitro and 22 in vivo studies eligible to be integrated in a database. A total of 673 experimental units comprising 537 in vitro and 136 in vivo experimental units were analyzed by using mixed model methodology in SAS and multivariate analysis in R Studio. Principal component analysis (PCA) from in vitro dataset revealed difference effects of brown, green, and red macroalgae on CH4 production without a pronounced pattern on rumen fermentation. Likewise, PCA from in vivo dataset supported the in vitro results whereas Ascophyllum nodosum (brown) and Asparagopsis taxiformis (A. taxiformis; red) species showed noticeably separated clusters on CH4 production. Mixed regression analysis from in vitro and in vivo databases showed interaction effects (P 0.05) compared with control diet as a reference. Curvilinear effect on in vitro organic matter digestibility (P = 0.043) and linear degreased on crude protein digestibility (P = 0.029) were found. Feeding macroalgae did not affect dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), milk production and milk composition except for milk lactose which linearly increased (R2 = 0.731; P = 0.002) by increasing Ascophyllum nodosum level. In dairy cows, the inclusion of A. taxiformis increased iodine concentration by more than six-fold increase (P 10 g/kg DM of diet may result in an unfavorable effect on the high bromoform and iodine residuals in milk. Future in vivo study using less-explored species that had been tested in vitro need to be conducted
