1,720,956 research outputs found
The relationship between depression and chronotype: A longitudinal assessment during childhood and adolescence
Get PDFBackground/Objective
During adolescence, chronotype shifts towards “eveningness.” “Eveningness” is related to negative physical and mental health outcomes. Little is known about what influences the shift in chronotype beyond pubertal status. The current study examined the influence of earlier depression predicting later individual differences in adolescent chronotype, accounting for pubertal status, and the prospective prediction of later increases in depression from earlier chronotype.
Methods
Youth (age M=12.06, SD=2.35; 56.5% girls) from the community completed repeated assessments of depression, including both self-reports (14 assessments) and diagnostic interviews (8 assessments), over a 48-month period. At the 36-month time-point, participants completed chronotype and pubertal development measures. Regression and ANOVA analyses examined: (1) the influence of earlier depression levels (baseline to 36-months) upon chronotype, and (2) chronotype (at 36 months) upon later depression (48 months).
Results
Youth with higher earlier depression symptoms (β=-.347, p<.001) and history of depression diagnosis (β=-.13, p=.045) showed a greater eveningness preference controlling for pubertal status, age and gender. Further, depression diagnosis history interacted with pubertal status to predict chronotype: (F(1,243)=4.171, p=.045) such that the influence of depression on chronotype was greatest among postpubertal youth (t=3.271, p=.002). Chronotype (greater eveningness preference) predicted prospective increases in depression symptoms (β=-.16, p=.03) and onset of depressive episode (b=-.085, OR=.92, p=.03) one year later.
Conclusion
Depression, experienced earlier in life, predicts greater preference for eveningness, especially among postpubertal youth. In turn, later depression is predicted by evening preference. These findings suggest the reciprocal interplay between mood and biological rhythms, especially depression and chronotype, during adolescence.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2019-12-01The student, Dustin Haraden, accepted the attached license on 2017-12-12 at 16:34.The student, Dustin Haraden, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-12-12 at 16:40.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-12-13 at 08:22.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11961 on 2018-03-13 at 10:38:25Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-13T17:35:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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The relationship between depression and chronotype: A longitudinal assessment during childhood and adolescence
No full textBackground/Objective
During adolescence, chronotype shifts towards “eveningness.” “Eveningness” is related to negative physical and mental health outcomes. Little is known about what influences the shift in chronotype beyond pubertal status. The current study examined the influence of earlier depression predicting later individual differences in adolescent chronotype, accounting for pubertal status, and the prospective prediction of later increases in depression from earlier chronotype.
Methods
Youth (age M=12.06, SD=2.35; 56.5% girls) from the community completed repeated assessments of depression, including both self-reports (14 assessments) and diagnostic interviews (8 assessments), over a 48-month period. At the 36-month time-point, participants completed chronotype and pubertal development measures. Regression and ANOVA analyses examined: (1) the influence of earlier depression levels (baseline to 36-months) upon chronotype, and (2) chronotype (at 36 months) upon later depression (48 months).
Results
Youth with higher earlier depression symptoms (β=-.347, p<.001) and history of depression diagnosis (β=-.13, p=.045) showed a greater eveningness preference controlling for pubertal status, age and gender. Further, depression diagnosis history interacted with pubertal status to predict chronotype: (F(1,243)=4.171, p=.045) such that the influence of depression on chronotype was greatest among postpubertal youth (t=3.271, p=.002). Chronotype (greater eveningness preference) predicted prospective increases in depression symptoms (β=-.16, p=.03) and onset of depressive episode (b=-.085, OR=.92, p=.03) one year later.
Conclusion
Depression, experienced earlier in life, predicts greater preference for eveningness, especially among postpubertal youth. In turn, later depression is predicted by evening preference. These findings suggest the reciprocal interplay between mood and biological rhythms, especially depression and chronotype, during adolescence
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Developmental synchrony: The relation between chronotype and pubertal timing with depression in youth
Get PDFSubmission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2022-11-15 without embargo termsThe student, Dustin Haraden, accepted the attached license on 2022-07-11 at 20:12.The student, Dustin Haraden, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2022-07-11 at 20:13.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2022-07-12 at 08:55.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #18231 on 2022-11-15 at 17:38:49Adolescence is a period of transition during which there is a shift in sleep preferences (chronotype) as well as pubertal development. Previous research suggests that an evening oriented chronotype is related to elevated symptoms of depression. Chronotype shifts to a greater eveningness preference during puberty, highlighting this developmental window as impactful for depressive symptoms. Individual differences in the timing of pubertal development have been identified as a risk for psychopathology. There is a dearth of research investigating the individual differences in the timing of chronotypal development or the synchronous relation between chronotype and pubertal development as they confer risk for depression. The current study examined chronotypal and pubertal development as well as the synchrony between the two (developmental synchronicity) in relation to symptoms of depression in youth. Community youth participated in three assessment time points: T1, T2 (6-months post-T1), and T3 (12-months post-T1) as part of a larger study. Participants completed self-report measures of chronotype, pubertal status and depression. Timing and synchrony variables were operationalized using standardized residuals. Regression analyses showed that chronotypal timing was related to increased symptoms of depression at T2, suggesting that youth experiencing more of a morning preference compared to same-aged peers were at increased risk. Developmental synchronicity predicted increases in depressive symptoms at T2 and T3. Youth who were more pubertally advanced compared to their chronotypal development were at elevated risk for depression. Additionally, results suggest that the relation between timing and developmental synchronicity with depression is especially impactful for girls. These findings suggest that chronotypal timing and the synchronous relation between chronotype and pubertal development are impactful upon symptoms of depression
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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