1,721,138 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Strategies to prevent {Healthcare-Associated} Infections: A narrative overview
Full text linkHealthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a major source of
morbidity and mortality and are the second most prevalent cause
of death. Furthermore, it has been reported that for every
one-hundred patients admitted to hospital, seven patients in
high-income economies and ten in emerging and low-income
economies acquire at least one type of HCAI. Currently, almost
all pathogenic microorganisms have developed antimicrobial
resistance, and few new antimicrobials are being developed and
brought to market. The literature search for this narrative
review was performed by searching bibliographic databases
(including Google Scholar and PubMed) using the search terms:
``Strategies,'' ``Prevention,'' and ``Healthcare-Associated
Infections,'' followed by snowballing references cited by
critical articles. We found that although hand hygiene is a
centuries-old concept, it is still the primary strategy used
around the world to prevent HCAIs. It forms one of a bundle of
approaches used to clean and maintain a safe hospital
environment and to stop the transmission of contagious and
infectious microorganisms, including multidrug-resistant
microbes. Finally, antibiotic stewardship also has a crucial
role in reducing the impact of HCAIs through conserving
currently available antimicrobials
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Mathematical modelling of eukaryotic stress-response gene networks
Full text linkMathematical modelling of gene regulatory networks is a relatively new area which is playing an important role in theoretical and experimental investigations that seek to open the door to understanding the real mechanisms that take place in living systems.
The current thesis concentrates on studying the animal stress-response gene regulatory network by seeking to predict the consequence of environmental hazards caused by chemical mixtures (typical of industrial pollution). Organisms exposed to pollutants display multiple defensive stress responses, which together constitute an interlinked gene network (the Stress-Response Network; SRN). Multiple SRN reporter-gene outputs have been monitored during single and combined chemical exposures in transgenic strains of two invertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Reporter expression data from both species have been integrated into mathematical models describing the dynamic behaviour of the SRN and incorporating its known regulatory gene circuits. We describe some mathematical models of several types of different stress response networks, incorporating various methods of activation and inhibition, including formation of complexes and gene regulation (through several known transcription factors). Although the full details of the protein interactions forming these types of circuits are not yet well-known, we seek to include the relevant proteins acting in different cellular compartments.
We propose and analyse a number of different models that describe four different stress response gene networks and through a combination of analytical (including stability, bifurcation and asymptotic) and numerical methods, we study these models to gain insight on the effect of several stresses on gene networks. A detailed time-dependent asymptotic analysis is performed for relevant models in order to clarify the roles of the distinct biochemical reactions that make up several important proteins production processes. In two models we were able to verify the theoretical predictions with the corresponding laboratory experimental observations that carried out by my coworkers in Britain and India
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