100,342 research outputs found
Caregiver -Child attachment and drug adherence among HIV positive children: The effect of behavioral and emotional proclivities on adherence
No full textPurpose/Aim of study: Assessing emotional and behavioral function in children and adolescents who are HIV+ may help predict and explaining adherence in future. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between caregiver-child attachment classification styles and adherence to medication among HIV positive children. Sample: The sample consisted of 22 HIV positive children aged 3-5 years old. Procedure: Informed consent (caregiver) was obtained and screening for eligibility. Eligible subjects responded to the adherence questionnaire and interview, the Beck depression scale, the Self Efficacy questionnaire. Social provision Scale, Ages and Stages Questionnaire (all to caregiver). Anthropometric measurements were taken and children completed the Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT). Observations (EAS) were made of the child-caregiver interacting during "complete a dot task and during medication administration. Results: The Chi-Square analysis on adherence and attachment was significant. ANOVA yielded a significant effect of depression on adherence, and a significant effect of education on adherence. There was significant positive correlation between adherence and the 5 dimensions of the EAS; parental sensitivity, parental nonhostility parental nonintrusiveness, child responsiveness and child involving, but a low nonsignificant correlation between adherence and parental structuring. There was a negative moderate correlation between self efficacy to manage mood and adherence but low correlations between tlie 5 other domains (guidance, assurance of worth, social integration, opportunity to nurturance, attachment) of social support and adherence. BMI fall between 5th and 95th percentile. 59% of children had deficits in problem solving, 32% had deficits in gross motor and 41% in fine motor respectively.
Conclusions and Implications: Emotional and behavioral proclivities are important in pediatric health; particularly the nature of the bond between the caregiver and the child which seem to increase the resilience of young children to the damaging effects of illnesses and diseases. Counseling should be dedicated to parents and children's well-being and social support. High rate of developmental delays in HIV infected children underscores the need for screening, prevention and calls for access to early interventions, nutritional and care programs for these vulnerable children
Cultural variability and consistency in adolescents’ emotional regulation and relationship with their parents: data from Argentina, Ghana, India and Zambia
No full textThe aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between parent?child relationship and emotional regulation in adolescents across four countries regarding: (a) mother?child relationship; (b) father?child relationship; (c) adolescents? emotion regulation; and (d) the relationship between mother?child/father?child close relationships and adolescents? emotion regulation. Sex differences were also considered in the analysis. The sample of 270 Zambian, 216 Argentinian, 200 Ghanaian, and 180 Indian adolescents answered The Experience in Close Relationship Questionnaire and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire. Results revealed cultural differences in the way adolescents perceived their relations with parents. Zambian adolescents were more likely to perceive their relationship as avoidant compared to Ghanaian, Argentina and Indian. Consistent with literature, Zambian and Argentinian adolescents who perceived their parents as avoidant were likely to use less cognitive appraisal as an emotion regulation strategy. Finally, Argentinian adolescents who used expressive suppression were also likely to perceive their parents as avoidant.Fil: Hapunda, Given. University of Zambia; ZambiaFil: Mahama, S.. University of Ghana; GhanaFil: Mesurado, Maria Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Psicología Matemática y Experimental Dr. Horacio J. A. Rimoldi; ArgentinaFil: Verma, S.K.. University of Delhi; IndiaFil: Koller, S.. North-West University; Sudáfrica. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasi
Tagging of Biomedical Articles on CiteULike: A Comparison of User, Author and Professional Indexing
No full textThis paper examines the context of online indexing from the viewpoint of three different groups: users, authors, and professional indexers. User tags, author keywords and descriptors were collected from academic journal articles, which were both indexed in Pubmed and tagged on CiteULike, and analysed. Descriptive statistics, informetric measures, and thesaural term comparison shows that there are important differences in the use of keywords between the three groups in addition to similarities which can be used to enhance support for search and browse. While tags and author keywords were found that matched descriptors exactly, other terms which did not match but provided important expansion to the indexing lexicon were found. These additional terms could be used to enhance support for searching and browsing in article databases as well as to provide invaluable data for entry vocabulary and emergent terminology for regular updates to indexing systems. Additionally, the study suggests that tags support organisation by association to task, projects and subject while making important connections to traditional systems which classify into subject categories
Title not given
No full text1 p. : ill. ; 27 cmThis untitled document invites readers to join the Coalition To Fight City Racism. The Coalition aims to secure financial support for the Victor Carvery Defence Fund and encourages participation in its upcoming activities, including political activism and demonstrations designed to showcase the community’s resolve to oppose City Ordinance 188
The Myth of the Myth of the Rational Voter
No full textThis paper argues that Bryan Caplan’s Myth of the Rational Voter overstates in case against democracy by not dealing with what might be called the historical/instrumentalist argument for democracy. It argues that the case for democracy that he attacks is primarily an academic exercise, which makes his argument against that case also an academic exercise. It further argues that the supposed policy choice that Caplan presents between the market and democracy is not the correct choice, and that his proposals that economists should be given more voting weight in the democratic decision process is inappropriate.
Seabed foraging by Antarctic krill: Implications for stock assessment, bentho-pelagic coupling, and the vertical transfer of iron
No full textA compilation of more than 30 studies shows that adult Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) may frequent benthic habitats year-round, in shelf as well as oceanic waters and throughout their circumpolar range. Net and acoustic data from the Scotia Sea show that in summer 2-20% of the population reside at depths between 200 and 2000 m, and that large aggregations can form above the seabed. Local differences in the vertical distribution of krill indicate that reduced feeding success in surface waters, either due to predator encounter or food shortage, might initiate such deep migrations and results in benthic feeding. Fatty acid and microscopic analyses of stomach content confirm two different foraging habitats for Antarctic krill: the upper ocean, where fresh phytoplankton is the main food source, and deeper water or the seabed, where detritus and copepods are consumed. Krill caught in upper waters retain signals of benthic feeding, suggesting frequent and dynamic exchange between surface and seabed. Krill contained up to 260 nmol iron per stomach when returning from seabed feeding. About 5% of this iron is labile, i.e., potentially available to phytoplankton. Due to their large biomass, frequent benthic feeding, and acidic digestion of particulate iron, krill might facilitate an input of new iron to Southern Ocean surface waters. Deep migrations and foraging at the seabed are significant parts of krill ecology, and the vertical fluxes involved in this behavior are important for the coupling of benthic and pelagic food webs and their elemental repositories
“Every part of me has changed”—shared lived experiences of adolescents living with cancer in Zambia
No full textThis study explored experiences of adolescents living with cancer, focusing on physical and psychosocial problems. Semi-structured interviews were carried out on 18 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results showed that the adolescents faced a lot of physical, psychological, and social problems due to cancer diagnosis, treatment, and care. In order to improve their well-being and quality of life, psychosocial interventions should be incorporated in biomedical interventions that adolescents with cancer receive. This study proposes cost-effective interventions that can be implemented in resource-restricted sub-Saharan countries like Zambia
Feature Construcion by Boosting
No full textBoosting is a method for ensemble generation. Given a classification method, boosting calls this method as many times as classifiers are going to form the ensemble. The classification given by the ensemble is a weighted vote of its classifiers. In this paper we explore the possibility of using the outputs of the base classifiers as new features, that is, boosting is considered as a feature construction method. Then, another classification method is used with the constructed features. This can be useful in two ways. First, when comprehensibility is more important that accuracy, because there are classification methods that produce much more intelligible classifiers than boosting. Second, when it is desired to explore more complex combination schemes of the classifiers than linear combinations. Two specific cases are considered, oblique decision trees and instance-based decision trees
Bibliography, subject index, and author index of the literature examined by the radiation shielding information center. Volume 6. Reactor and weapons radiation shielding
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