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ЖИТЄ ДОРОГЕ, КРІМ СВОЄЇ ПЛАТИ ТРЕБА БУЛО ЩЕ ЗАРОБЛЯТИ “З БОКУ”…”: “ДРУГА ПРОФЕСІЯ” ТА ДОДАТКОВИЙ ЗАРОБІТОК УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ІНТЕЛІГЕНЦІЇ В ГАЛИЧИНІ ДРУГОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХІХ – ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ
Get PDFBased on personal data, the article highlights the sources of additional earnings and the scope of extracurricular activities of the Ukrainian-Galician intelligentsia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century. It is noted that looking for additional sources of income was common practice for people of intellectual labour, because their main professional activity could not always provide a decent standard of living. In addition to earnings, attention is paid to other reasons, which prompted intellectuals to combine several professions: the need to unlock the creative potential or to join Ukrainian national organizations and societies, cultural and educational life of the region.
Lawyers, teachers, priests, and other intellectuals became publishers, editors, writers, journalists, and politicians. Typically, the “sideline” was associated with their basic and acquired education. Many Ukrainian intellectuals engaged in scientific activities, became authors of the first Ukrainian-language textbooks and developed Ukrainian scientific terminology. During this period, journalistic activity and journalism developed rapidly, gradually becoming an independent profession and the most popular field, which involved a large number of intellectuals. The literary activity was popular as well, which could “overshadow” the core business line later. Participation in representative bodies such as the Galician Sejm, the State Council, political parties, and public activities can be regarded as a “sideline”, which made demands on intellectuals’ time and energy.
Keywords: intelligentsia, Galicia, “sideline”, additional earnings, social and political activities.У статті, на базі матеріалів особового характеру, висвітлено джерела додаткового заробітку та сфери реалізації поза професійною діяльністю українсько-галицької інтелігенції у другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ cт. Зазначено, що серед людей розумової праці поширеною практикою було шукати додаткові джерела прибутку, оскільки їхня основна фахова діяльність не завжди могла забезпечити належного рівня життя. Звернено увагу на інші причини, окрім заробітку, які спонукали інтелігентів поєднувати декілька професій: потреба реалізації творчих здібностей чи долучитися до розвитку українських національних організацій та товариств, культурно-просвітнього життя краю.
Адвокати, викладачі, вчителі, священики та інші представники інтелігенції ставали також видавцями, редакторами, літераторами, журналістами, політиками. Як правило, “друга професія” була пов’язана з основною та здобутою освітою. Багато українських інтелігентів займалися науковою діяльністю, ставали авторами перших україномовних підручників. Найпопулярнішою сферою, в якій була задіяно велика кількість інтелігенції була публіцистична діяльність та журналістика, яка стрімко розвивались в даний період та поступово ставала самостійною професію. Популярною була й літературна діяльність, яка в подальшому могла “затіняти” основну працю. Як “другу професію” можна трактувати, участь в представницьких органах – Галицькому сеймі та Державній Раді та політичних партіях, та громадську діяльність, які відбирали значну частину часу та енергії в інтелігентів.
Ключові слова: інтелігенція, Галичина, “друга професія”, додатковий заробіток, громадська та політична діяльність
Military Women in Museum Exhibitions in Lviv (Ukraine): Past Experience and Modernity
No full textUkrainian women received military experience during the First and Second World Wars and in the contemporary Russian-Ukrainian War in services such as the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen (USS), the Ukrainian Galician Army (UGA), the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), the Soviet Army, and the Armed Forces of Ukraine (UAF). This paper analyzes the representations of Ukrainian women's military experiences during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in museum exhibitions in Lviv (a city in Western Ukraine). The authors conclude that the experiences of women veterans of the First and Second World Wars frequently remain neglected, creating an incomplete picture of the past and continuing to shape representations of women’s roles in the current Russian-Ukrainian War
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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