1,721,366 research outputs found
Atomistic modeling of large-scale metal film growth fronts
No full textWe present simulations of metallization morphologies under ionized Sputter-deposition conditions. By means of molecular-dynamics simulations using a carefully designed interaction potential, we analyze the surface adsorption, reflection, and etching reactions taking place during Al physical vapor deposition, and calculate their relative probabilities. These probabilities are then employed in a feature-scale cellular-automaton simulator, which produces calculated film morphologies in excellent agreement with scanning-electron-microscopy data on ionized sputter deposition. [S0163-1829(99)51612-3]
Quasiharmonic versus exact surface free energies of Al: A systematic study employing a classical interatomic potential
No full textWe discuss a computationally efficient classical many-body potential designed to model the Al-Al interaction in a wide range of bonding geometries. We show that the potential yields results in excellent agreement with experiment and ab initio calculations for a number of bulk and surface properties, among others for surface and step formation energies, and self-diffusion barriers. As an application, free-energy calculations are performed for the Al (100) surface by Monte Carlo thermodynamic integration and the quasiharmonic approximation. Comparison of the latter approximation with the reference Monte Carlo results provides information on its range of applicability to surface problems at high temperatures. [S0163-1829(99)03831-X]
Multiscale approaches for metal thin film growth
No full textTwo recently developed multiscale approaches for simulations of metalization morphologies under ionized sputter deposition conditions are reviewed. These methods are capable of predicting the growth of thin films on the feature scale, based on calculations that are simultaneously carried out on all relevant scales and consistently employ data from atomistic simulations. In both techniques, the first step consists in molecular dynamics simulations that compute the relative probabilities of all relevant reactions taking place during physical vapor deposition. These probabilities are consequently employed in feature-scale simulators. One of the methods employs a two-dimensional cellular automaton technique to calculate the film topographies. The second approach employs a Green function method to combine the molecular dynamics results with a line of sight transport model in a two-dimensional feature, and incorporates all effects of re-emission and re-sputtering in a self-consistent manner. In the final step, a level-set method is used to describe the morphology of the growing film. Both methods provide complete growth rate models that allow the inclusion of energy and angular dependent reaction rates. Several applications of both techniques are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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