1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
A Machine-Learning-Based Pipeline Approach to Automated Fact-Checking
Get PDFIn the past couple of years, there has been a significant increase of the amount of false information on the web. The falsehoods quickly spread through social networks reaching a wider audience than ever before. This poses new challenges to our society as we have to reevaluate which information source we should trust and how we consume and distribute content on the web. As a response to the rising amount of disinformation on the Internet, the number of fact-checking platforms has increased.
On these platforms, professional fact-checkers validate the published information and make their conclusions publicly available. Nevertheless, the manual validation of information by fact-checkers is laborious and time-consuming, and as a result, not all of the published content can be validated. Since the conclusions of the validations are released with a delay, the interest in the topic has often already declined, and thus, only a small fraction of the original news consumers can be reached.
Automated fact-checking holds the promise to address these drawbacks as it
would allow fact-checkers to identify and eliminate false information as it appears on the web and before it reaches a wide audience. However, despite significant progress in the field of automated fact-checking, substantial challenges remain: (i)
The datasets available for training machine learning-based fact-checking systems do not provide high-quality annotation of real fact-checking instances for all the tasks in the fact-checking process. (ii) Many of today’s fact-checking systems are based on knowledge bases that have low coverage. Moreover, because for these systems sentences in natural language need to be transformed into formal queries, which is a difficult task, the systems are error-prone. (iii) Current end-to-end trained machine learning systems can process raw text and thus, potentially harness the vast amount of knowledge on the Internet, but they are intransparent and do not reach the desired performance. In fact, fact-checking is a challenging task and today’s
machine learning approaches are not mature enough to solve the problem without human assistance. In order to tackle the identified challenges, in this thesis, we make the following contributions:
(1) We introduce a new corpus on the basis of the Snopes fact-checking website that contains real fact-checking instances and provides high-quality annotations for the different sub-tasks in the fact-checking process. In addition to the corpus, we release our corpus creation methodology that allows for efficiently creating large datasets with a high inter-annotator agreement in order to train machine learning models for automated fact-checking.
(2) In order to address the drawbacks of current automated fact-checking systems, we propose a pipeline approach that consists of the four sub-systems: document retrieval, stance detection, evidence extraction, and claim validation. Since today’s machine learning models are not advanced enough to complete the task without human assistance, our pipeline approach is designed to help fact-checkers to speed up the fact-checking process rather than taking over the job entirely. Our pipeline is able to process raw text and thus, make use of the large amount of textual information available on the web, but at the same time, it is transparent, as the outputs of sub-components of the pipeline can be observed. Thus, the different parts of the
fact-checking process are automated and potential errors can be identified and traced back to their origin.
(3) In order to assess the performance of the developed system, we evaluate the sub-components of the pipeline in highly competitive shared tasks. The stance detection component of the system is evaluated in the Fake News Challenge reaching the second rank out of 50 competing systems.2 The document retrieval component together with the evidence extraction sub-system and the claim validation component are evaluated in the FEVER shared task.3 The first two systems combined reach the first rank in the FEVER shared task Sentence Ranking sub-task outperforming
23 other competing systems. The claim validation component reaches the
third rank in the FEVER Recognizing Textual Entailment sub-task.
(4) We evaluate our pipeline system, as well as other promising machine learning models for automated fact-checking, on our newly constructed Snopes fact-checking corpus. The results show that even though the systems are able to reach reasonable performance on other datasets, the systems under-perform on our newly created corpus. Our analysis reveals that the more realistic fact-checking problem setting defined by our corpus is more challenging than the problem setting posed by other fact-checking corpora. We therefore conclude that further research is required in order to increase the performance of the automated systems in real fact-checking scenarios
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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