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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The development of an evidence-based educational intervention on standard precautions : Development of a complex intervention
No full textEuroopan unionin alueella ja Euroopan talousalueella esiintyy yli 3,5 miljoonaa hoitoon liittyvää infektiota vuosittain, ja niillä on erittäin suuri kansanterveydellinen merkitys. Noin puolet hoitoon liittyvistä infektioista on ehkäistävissä. Terveydenhuollossa hoitoon liittyviä infektioita ehkäistään infektioidentorjunnan toimilla, kuten huolellisella käsihygienialla, suojainten käytöllä tarvittaessa sekä asianmukaisilla työ- ja toimintatavoilla. Tiedetään, että hoitoon liittyviä infektioita voidaan vähentää koulutusinterventioiden avulla, mutta ei ole kuitenkaan tiedossa, minkälainen koulutusinterventio on vaikuttavin terveydenhuollon henkilökunnan kouluttamisessa.
Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kehittää näyttöön perustuva tavanomaisten infektioidentorjunnan varotoimien koulutusinterventio päivystyspoliklinikoiden hoitohenkilökunnalle. Tavoitteena on hoitoon liittyvien infektioiden vähentäminen koulutusintervention avulla. Tutkimuksessa määriteltiin päivystyspoliklinikoiden hoitohenkilökunnalle suunnatun näyttöön perustuvan tavanomaisten infektioidentorjunnan varotoimien koulutusintervention ydinsisältö ja rakenne. Tutkimus on tehty osana HUS Akuutin laajempaa tutkimushanketta.
Tutkimusasetelma oli monimuotoisen intervention kehittäminen. Viitekehyksenä koulutusintervention kehittämisessä käytettiin Medical Research Councilin monimuotoisten interventioiden kehittämisen ja arvioinnin viitekehystä, josta toteutettiin kehittämisvaihe. Tavanomaisten infektioidentorjunnan varotoimien sisältö muodostettiin metasynteesillä neljästä systemaattisessa haussa löytyneestä tutkimuksesta sekä HUS Helsingin yliopistollisen sairaalan, Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitoksen ja World Health Organizationin tavanomaisten infektioidentorjunnan varotoimien ohjeista. Metasynteesin tuloksena saatu tavanomaisten varotoimien sisältö validoitiin asiantuntijapaneelissa. Tavanomaisten infektioidentorjunnan varotoimien koulutusintervention ydinsisältö muodostettiin asiantuntijapaneelin arvioihin perustuen. Koulutusintervention kehittämisessä ja raportoinnissa käytettiin viitekehyksenä the Guideline for Reporting Evidence-based practice Educational interventions and Teaching (GREET)-tarkistuslistaa. Oppimisteoriana koulutusintervention kehittämisessä käytettiin sosiokonstruktivismia.
Koulutuksen osaamistavoitteet ovat: koulutuksen jälkeen oppija ymmärtää tavanomaisten varotoimien merkityksen hoitoon liittyvien infektioiden torjunnassa, noudattaa työssään huolellista käsihygieniaa ja muita tavanomaisia varotoimia sekä arvioi kriittisesti tavanomaisten varotoimien noudattamista omassa toiminnassaan ja työyksikössä. Tavanomaisten infektioidentorjunnan varotoimien koulutusintervention ydinsisältö muodostuu yhdeksästä teemasta ja 29 osa-alueesta. Tavanomaisten varotoimien sisällön validiteetti on erinomainen. Käsihygienia on tärkein teema päivystyspoliklinikoiden hoitohenkilökunnan tavanomaisten varotoimien koulutuksessa. Koulutusinterventio on rakenteeltaan kahdeksanosainen ja sisältää lähiopetusta sekä itsenäistä opiskelua. Koulutusinterventiossa yhdistetään erilaisia oppimismenetelmiä ja -materiaaleja.
Tutkimuksessa kehitettyä näyttöön perustuvaa tavanomaisten varotoimien koulutusinterventiota voidaan hyödyntää päivystyspoliklinikoiden hoitohenkilökunnan kouluttamisessa. Koulutusintervention tavoitteena on hoitoon liittyvien infektioiden vähentäminen, mikä on merkityksellistä terveydenhuollon kustannusten vähentämisen ja potilasturvallisuuden kannalta.Approximately more than 3.5 million cases of health care associated infections occur in the European Union and European Economic Area yearly. Healthcare associated infections are highly significant regarding public health. Approximately half of healthcare associated infections are estimated to be preventable. In healthcare settings infection control measures, including proper hand hygiene, using personal protective equipment when needed and appropriate working methods, are essential for preventing healthcare associated infections. Educational interventions can reduce rates of healthcare associated infections. Currently there is no evidence of what kind of educational intervention is the most effective for educating healthcare professionals.
The purpose of this study was to develop an evidence-based educational intervention on standard precautions for nurses working in emergency departments. The aim of the educational intervention is to reduce the rates of healthcare associated infections. The main content and structure of the evidence-based educational intervention on standard precautions for emergency nurses was determined in this study. This study is part of a HUS Emergency Medicine and Services’ research project.
The research design was development of a complex intervention. The Medical Research Council’s framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions was used as a framework for developing the educational intervention. The development phase of the framework was conducted in this study. This study utilized a meta-synthesis to determine the content of standard precautions. Four research articles found in systematic search and HUS Helsinki University Hospital’s, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare’s and World Health Organization’s guidelines on standard precautions were included in meta-synthesis. The content of standard precautions was validated in an expert panel. The main content of the educational intervention on standard precautions was formed based on reviews of the expert panel. The guideline for reporting evidence-based practice educational interventions and teaching (GREET) checklist was used in this study as framework for reporting and developing the educational intervention. Socio-constructivism was used as an educational theory in the educational intervention.
The learning objectives for the educational intervention are as follows: after education a learner will be able to understand the significance of standard precautions on prevention of health care associated infections, comply with good hand hygiene and other standard precautions when working, and appraise critically compliance with standard precautions on their own performance and in unit. The main content of the educational intervention on standard precautions consists of nine themes and 29 items. The content validity of the standard precautions’ content is excellent. Hand hygiene is the most important theme when educating emergency nurses on standard precautions. The educational intervention consists of eight parts, combining face-to-face learning and self-directed learning. Different learning methods and materials are used in the educational intervention.
The educational intervention on standard precautions developed in this study can be utilized to educate emergency nurses. The educational intervention aims to reduce the rates of healthcare associated infections, which can reduce hospital costs and improve patient safety
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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