2,037 research outputs found
Building On and Honoring Forty Years of PBL Scholarship from Howard Barrows: A Scientometric, Large-Scale Data, and Visualization-based Analysis
No full textOver the past forty years, Howard Barrows’ contributions to PBL research have influenced and guided educational research and practice in a diversity of domains. It is necessary to make visible to all PBL scholars what has been accomplished, what is perceived as significant, and what is the scope of applicability for Barrows’ groundbreaking findings. As more disciplines recognize Barrows’ efforts and adopt PBL in education, it becomes crucial but challenging to sustain community memory so that PBL scholars are kept well informed of research innovations in various domains. In this paper, we review Barrows’ scholarly efforts in PBL and reveal the impacts on subsequent studies in various domains. A bibliometrics analysis is conducted on Barrows’ PBL publications and the corresponding citations to quantitatively measure Barrows’ impact. Our findings demonstrate Barrows’ exceptional contributions to PBL and the disciplinary differences in conducting PBL studies based on Barrows’ work. It is also revealed that PBL scholars who share similar interests have rarely collaborated with each other. The PBL research community has a real opportunity to connect isolated research groups and reduce the fragmentation so that research innovations in one domain can be disseminated to inform other scholars
A study of Lie Xian Zhuan and Lie Yi Zhuan
No full textLie Xian Zhuan is representatives of the early story of Immortals class; Lie Yi Zhuan is Wei-Jin and South & North Dynasties\ue2s early Zhiguai's Novels. This thesis is focused on Research the books's author , Year of publication and table of contents ,discuss about the witchcraft from Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Wei Jin Dynasty. By research Lie Xian Zhuan and Lie Yi Zhuan 's contents, can probe the differences between both's background and witchcraft
Four Worlds of Welfare: Understanding Subnational Variation in Chinese Social Health Insurance
No full textChina’s social health insurance has expanded dramatically over the past decade. The increasing number of beneficiaries and benefits, however, has aggravated rather than mitigated regional disparities in health care. How can the regional variation in Chinese social health insurance be explained? This paper argues that the subnational variation in China’s social health insurance results from the policy choices of central and local states. The central leadership, which is concerned about regime stability, delegates substantial discretionary authority to local state agents to accommodate diverse social needs and local circumstances. Local officials, who care about their political careers in the centralized personnel system, proactively design and implement social health insurance policy according to local situations such as fiscal resources and social risk. In specifying the rationale, conditions and patterns of regional variation in Chinese social health insurance, this paper addresses the general issue of how political leaders in an authoritarian regime respond to social needs.Peer reviewe
The Chinese dream: hukou, social mobility and regime support in China
No full textSocial mobility plays an important role in stabilizing the political order. This paper leverages China’s hukou (household registration) reforms to examine the effects of state-engineered social mobility on individuals’ trust in the government. Using China General Social Survey (CGSS) data for 2010 and entropy balancing for causal effects, this paper provides empirical evidence for the attitudinal effects of social mobility at the individual level. It finds that first, individuals with the rural-to-urban hukou change are more likely to experience upward mobility, while individuals with the nonlocal-to-local hukou change are more pessimistic about their prospects of upward mobility; second, the rural-to-urban hukou change increases beneficiaries’ trust in the central government, while the nonlocal-to-local hukou change increases beneficiaries’ trust in the local government. The Chinese authoritarian regime’s co-optation tactic of engineering upward social mobility via the hukou reforms contributes to its performance-based political legitimacy as it effectively bolsters individuals’ trust in government.Peer reviewe
When Top-Down Meets Bottom-Up: Local Adoption of Social Policy Reform in China
No full textAuthoritarian local leaders face two driving forces in social policy making: top-down pressures from the regime and bottom-up motivations derived from local conditions. Existing studies recognize the importance of both forces but remain unclear as to how they interact and which of them is more influential in driving local policy adoption. Focusing on two health insurance integration policies in China, we find that when the policy is political (i.e., entailing substantial class conflicts and bureaucratic friction), top-down pressure for compliance is a dominant driver for local adoption of social policy reform. When the policy is less political, bottom-up motivations based on local economic geography together with top-down pressure drive local adoption. We find support for this argument from an analysis of an original city-level dataset on social health insurance in China from 2004 to 2016. This study has implications for distributive politics, decentralization and government responsiveness in authoritarian countries.Peer reviewe
Peace in the shadow of unrest: medical disturbance and state response in China
No full textMuch research on contentious politics focuses on origins and dynamics of contention or impacts of contention on policy change. Although some studies have delved into the state reactions to contention, we know relatively little about the outcome or effectiveness of state responses, especially in nondemocratic settings. This paper attempts to fill this gap and to uncover the policy feedback effect in nondemocratic settings by studying the Chinese state’s repression of violent medical disturbances (yinao). I argue that without comprehensive health reforms to tackle the root causes of yinao, state repression of yinao generates unintended adverse outcomes, causing the doctor-patient relationship to deteriorate. Using the difference-in-differences method with China Family Panel Studies data for 2014 and 2016, I find that the criminalization of yinao decreased public trust in doctors and belief in hospitals’ competence, while increasing public concerns about the healthcare system.Peer reviewe
Does social insurance enrollment improve citizen assessment of local government performance? Evidence from China
No full textAlthough many studies claim that social policies are “carrots” that authoritarian leaders use to garner public support, the assumption that social benefits can boost public support of government has been rarely tested empirically, especially at the local levels. This article investigates the effects of social insurance enrollment on citizens' assessment of local government performance using data from the 2010 China Family Panel Study. We use propensity score matching to reduce selection bias and ordered probit regressions with fixed effects to examine these possible effects. We find that social insurance enrollment had a significant positive effect on rural citizens' assessment of government performance, but this effect did not exist for their urban and migrant peers. This discrepancy could be largely due to the groups' different expectations for government redistribution and their distinct experiences of China's social welfare reform. We conclude that the Chinese authoritarian government has achieved partial success in its attempt to use socialpolicies to maintain popular support.Peer reviewe
Impact of urban-rural health insurance integration on health care: evidence from rural China
No full textIn recent years, Chinese local governments have experimented with integrating the social health insurance system segmented between rural and urban areas to unify the administration, policy, and funds of various health insurance programs. In this study, we take advantage of the staggered implementation of the urban-rural health insurance integration across cities over time to examine the impacts of the integration on rural residents’ health care utilization and health outcomes. Based on an original city-year level policy dataset and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for the years 2011, 2013, and 2015, we find that the integration significantly increases the middle-aged and older rural residents’ inpatient care utilization and this positive effect is particularly salient in poor areas. Moreover, we find that the positive policy effect of integration is attributed to enhanced health insurance benefits, such as a higher reimbursement rate for inpatient care. However, the integration has limited impacts on the middle-aged and older rural residents’ health outcomes. This study reveals the partial success of urban-rural health insurance integration to reduce health care inequality in China.Please replace the old version using this updated one.Peer reviewe
Expansion of Chinese Social Health Insurance: who gets what, when and how?
No full textThis article asks ‘who gets what, when and how’ from China’s recent social welfare expansion. Little research to date examines the overall landscape of China’s social health insurance, which has changed dramatically since 2003, and the distributive consequences and implications thereof. Drawing on public survey data and fieldwork for empirical support, this article finds that China’s recent social health insurance expansion does significantly expand people’s access to social health insurance. However, the expansion, which entails health insurance fragmentation and increasing benefit disparities, not only reinforces existing social cleavages such as the rural–urban divide, but it also generates new divisions within urbanites and workforce. Moreover, multiple social cleavages that cross-cut class differences have been institutionalized into China’s social health insurance system. This reflects authoritarian regimes’ ‘divide and rule’ tactic in social welfare provision.Peer reviewe
The Politics of Social Welfare Reform in Urban China: Social Welfare Preferences and Reform Policies
No full textChina’s social welfare reform since the mid-1980s has been characterized as incremental and fragmented in three dimensions—social insurance, privatization, and targeting. This paper attempts to explore the micro-foundation of China’s urban social welfare reform by examining the diverse social welfare preferences and the cleavages among societal groups. It argues that the diversity of the societal groups’ preferences for social welfare has given rise to two lines of cleavage in urban China with respect to social welfare—between state sector and non-state sector employees and between labor market insiders and outsiders. The Chinese authoritarian regime’s political priority—economic growth with social stability—has induced the government to accommodate public social welfare preferences in social welfare policies. Therefore, the three dimensions of Chinese social welfare reform policies since the mid-1980s reflect and respond to the social cleavages derived from societal groups’ different preferences for social welfare.Peer reviewe
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