1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Der Einfluss der Galle auf die intestinale Permeabilität von Arzneimittelwirkstoffen
No full textMost medicines are taken orally. To enter the systemic circulation, they dissolve in the intestinal fluid, cross the epithelial barrier, and pass through the liver. Intestinal absorption is driven by the unique features of the gastrointestinal tract, including the bile colloids formed in the lumen and the mucus layer covering the intestinal epithelium. Neglecting this multifaceted environment can lead to poor drug development decisions, especially for poorly water-soluble drugs that interact with bile and mucus. However, there is a lack of a rationale nexus of molecular interactions between oral medicines and gastrointestinal components with drug bioavailability. Against this background, this thesis aims to develop biopharmaceutical strategies to optimize the presentation of oral therapeutics to the intestinal epithelial barrier.
In Chapter 1, the dynamics of bile colloids upon solubilization of the poorly-water soluble drug Perphenazine was studied. Perphenazine impacted molecular arrangement, structure, binding thermodynamics, and induced a morphological transition from vesicles to worm-like micelles. Despite these dynamics, the bile colloids ensured stable relative amounts of free drug substance. The chapter was published in Langmuir.
Chapter 2 examined the impact of pharmaceutical polymeric excipients on bile-mediated drug solubilization. Perphenazine and Imatinib were introduced as model compounds interacting with bile, whereas Metoprolol did not. Some polymers altered the arrangement and geometry of bile colloids, thereby affecting the molecularly soluble amount of those drugs interacting with bile. These insights into the bile-drug-excipient interplay provide a blueprint to optimizing formulations leveraging bile solubilization. The chapter was published in Journal of Controlled Release.
Chapter 3 deals with the impact of bile on porcine intestinal mucus. Mucus exposed to bile solution changed transiently, it stiffened, and the overall diffusion rate increased. The bile-induced changes eased the transport of the bile-interacting drug substance Fluphenazine, whereas Metoprolol was unaffected. This dichotomous pattern was linked to bioavailability in rats and generalized based on two previously published data sets. The outcomes point to a bile-mucus interaction relevant to drug delivery. The chapter is submitted.
The Appendix provides a guide for biopharmaceutical characterization of drug substances by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy aiming at establishing a predictive algorithm.
In summary, this thesis deciphers bile-driven mechanisms shaping intestinal drug absorption. Based on these molecular insights, pharmaceuticals can be developed along a biopharmaceutical optimization, ultimately leading to better oral drugs of tomorrow.Die meisten Arzneimittel werden oral eingenommen. Um in den Blutkreislauf zu gelangen, liegen sie in der Darmflüssigkeit gelöst vor, überwinden die Epithelbarriere und passieren die Leber. Die intestinale Absorption wird durch die einzigartigen Eigenschaften des Magen-Darm-Trakts, einschließlich der im Lumen gebildeten Gallenkolloide und der Schleimschicht, die das Darmepithel bedeckt, bestimmt. Die Vernachlässigung dieser facettenreichen Umgebung kann zu schlechten Entscheidungen bei der Arzneimittelentwicklung führen, insbesondere bei schlecht wasserlöslich Wirkstoffen, die mit Galle und Schleim interagieren. Es fehlt jedoch eine rationale Verknüpfung der molekularen Wechselwirkungen zwischen oralen Arzneimitteln und gastrointestinalen Komponenten mit der Bioverfügbarkeit von Arzneimitteln. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielt diese Arbeit darauf ab, biopharmazeutische Strategien zur Optimierung der Präsentation von oralen Therapeutika an der intestinalen Epithelbarriere zu entwickeln.
In Kapitel 1 wurde die Dynamik von Gallenkolloiden bei der Solubilisierung des schwer wasserlöslichen Wirkstoffes Perphenazin untersucht. Perphenazin beeinflusste die molekulare Anordnung, die Struktur sowie die Bindungsthermodynamik und führte zu einem morphologischen Übergang von Vesikeln hin zu wurmartigen Mizellen. Trotz dieser Dynamik sorgten die Gallenkolloide für stabile relative Mengen an freiem Arzneistoff. Dieses Kapitel wurde in Langmuir veröffentlicht.
In Kapitel 2 wurde der Einfluss von pharmazeutischen polymeren Hilfsstoffen auf die Solubilisierung von Wirkstoffen durch Galle untersucht. Perphenazin und Imatinib wurden als Modellverbindungen eingeführt, die mit der Galle interagieren, während Metoprolol dies nicht tat. Einige Polymere veränderten die Anordnung und Geometrie der Gallenkolloide und beeinflussten somit die molekular lösliche Menge von solchen Wirkstoffen, die mit der Galle wechselwirken. Diese Einblicke in das Zusammenspiel von Galle und Arzneistoffen bieten einen Ansatz zur Optimierung von Formulierungen, die die Solubilisierung in der Galle nutzen. Dieses Kapitel wurde in Journal of Controlled Release veröffentlicht.
Kapitel 3 befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen von Galle auf den Dünndarmschleim von Schweinen. Schleim, der Gallenlösung ausgesetzt war, veränderte sich vorübergehend, versteifte sich und die Gesamtdiffusionsrate nahm zu. Die durch die Galle hervorgerufenen Veränderungen erleichterten den Transport des mit der Galle interagierenden Wirkstoffs Fluphenazin, während Metoprolol unbeeinflusst blieb. Dieses dichotome Muster konnte mit der Bioverfügbarkeit bei Ratten verknüpft werden und durch zwei zuvor veröffentlichte Datensätze mit insgesamt 50 Verbindungen verallgemeinert werden. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine Wechselwirkung zwischen Galle und Schleim hin, die für die Verabreichung von Medikamenten relevant ist. Dieses Kapitel ist eingereicht.
Der Anhang bietet einen Leitfaden für die biopharmazeutische Charakterisierung von Arzneimittelsubstanzen durch kernmagnetische Resonanzspektroskopie mit dem Ziel des Aufstellens von prädiktiven Algorithmen.
Zusammenfassend entschlüsselt diese Arbeit die von der Galle gesteuerten Mechanismen, die die Aufnahme von Arzneimitteln im Darm beeinflussen. Auf der Grundlage dieser molekularen Erkenntnisse können Arzneimittel entlang einer biopharmazeutischen Optimierung entwickelt werden, was letztendlich zu besseren oralen Arzneimitteln führt
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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