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Freeze dried pomegranate juices of Moroccan fruits: main representative phenolic compounds
No full textBACKGROUND The pomegranate (Punica granatum) is an ancient perennial plant species of the Punicaceae family. Its seeds are consumed as food or as juice. Previous studies have noted that pomegranate juice encompasses many active compounds with beneficial effects. The main goals of this work were to study the phenolic components of freeze-dried and reconstituted pomegranate juices obtained from 13 pomegranate genotypes growing in Morocco. RESULTS We analyzed several pomegranate juices using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry to determine phenolic compounds. Twenty-seven bio-phenols, belonging to four different classes (phenolic acids, hydrolyzable tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids), were identified based on their accurate mass measurements, and quantified. Some encouraging results were obtained. Even though the freeze-drying process introduced a marked degradation of bio-phenols, substantially lowering their levels in the reconstituted fruit juices, these fruit juices were still rich enough in bio-phenols to compete with some fresh fruit juices. The reconstituted juices obtained by rehydration of the lyophilized material still differed enough to enable a statistical classification based on their polyphenol content. A correlation analysis was applied to the polyphenol data to explore correlations and similarities between genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that freeze-drying and reconstitution of juices introduced some degradation of the polyphenol content. The overall polyphenolic pattern within the same cultivar, in two different harvesting years, was maintained, however, suggesting the composition stability of the freeze-dried juices produced in this time spa
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Study of the effect of application conditions for soil vapor extraction in the unsaturated zone of the soil
No full textL'extraction sous pression réduite (SVE) se distingue en tant que solution largement employée pour assainir in situ les sols contaminés par des composés organiques volatils (COVs). En appliquant un vide à la matrice du sol, un flux d'air est produit à travers celle-ci, conduisant les contaminants volatils vers des puits d'extraction qui évacuent les polluants du sol. Des études expérimentales en laboratoire et sur site ont été réalisées afin de fournir une analyse complète de la SVE en suivant les polluants dans les gaz sortants. Une amélioration de cette technique avec la méthode thermique a été étudiée (T-SVE). Le transport et transfert de masse durant les expériences de laboratoire ont été simulés numériquement. Deux modèles de sol ont été choisis et caractérisés : 100 % de sable (sol 1) et du sable mélangé à 5 % de kaolin (sol 2). Des dispositifs expérimentaux sont utilisés pour analyser différents paramètres caractérisant le système d'extraction. Des essais hydrodynamiques ont été réalisés en utilisant trois teneurs massiques en eau différentes dans chaque sol. Des expériences sur des sols contaminés par deux contaminants testés (décane et toluène), en situation mono et double pollution, ont été réalisées avec des échantillons dans des conditions sèches et humides et à des débits d’extraction de 10 et 16 L.min-1. Les expériences ont été réalisées dans les conditions de température ambiante et de température égale à 60°C. Des tests d’extractions sur un site réel contaminé par des hydrocarbures ont aussi été réalisés. Il a été démontré que la quantité d’eau mobile est largement influencée par la composition du sol. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que la présence d'argile dans le sable permet une plus grande rétention des contaminants (phénomène d’adsorption) par rapport à un sol composé uniquement de sable. Des temps d’élimination plus faibles ont été observés pour le contaminant ayant la pression de vapeur plus grande (toluène). Des diminutions légères et non significatives du rendement, d'environ 1%, en passant d'un débit de 16 L.min-1 à un débit de 10 L.min-1 ont été obtenues. Il a été démontré que l'augmentation de la teneur en eau du sol rend le processus de dépollution moins efficace. Les taux d'extraction des contaminants en double pollution sont nettement inférieurs à leurs taux d'extraction en mono-pollution. Le processus T-SVE, comparé à la SVE conventionnelle, est plus efficace en termes de temps de dépollution, ainsi qu’en termes de rendement d’extraction. L´allure des courbes de l´évolution de concentrations des polluants et de dépressions obtenues en essais terrain où les conditions sont plus complexes et variables présente des tendances similaires à celle observée en laboratoire. Une première approche numérique concernant la simulation du transport / transfert de masse en se basant sur les résultats d’expériences sur colonne 1D a été effectuée. Le modèle proposé est capable de simuler les courbes d’extraction avec une bonne concordance par rapport aux résultats expérimentaux.Soil Vapour Extraction stands out as a widely used solution for the in situ remediation of soils contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). By applying a vacuum to the soil matrix, a flow of air is produced through it, carrying the volatile contaminants to extraction wells that remove the pollutants from the soil. Experimental studies in the laboratory and on site have been carried out to provide a complete analysis of SVE by tracking pollutants in the outgoing gases. An improvement to this technique using the thermal method was studied (T-SVE). Transport and mass transfer during the laboratory experiments were numerically simulated. Two soil models were chosen and characterised: 100% sand (soil 1) and sand mixed with 5% kaolin (soil 2). Experimental set-ups were used to analyse various parameters characterising the extraction system. Hydrodynamic tests were carried out using three different water mass contents in each soil. Experiments on soils contaminated by the two contaminants tested (decane and toluene), in single and double pollution situations, were carried out with samples in dry and wet conditions and at extraction rates of 10 and 16 L.min-1. The experiments were carried out at room temperature and at 60°C. Extraction tests were carried out on a real site contaminated by hydrocarbons. It has been shown that the quantity of mobile water is largely influenced by the composition of the soil. The results obtained showed that the presence of clay in the sand resulted in greater retention of contaminants (adsorption phenomenon) compared with a soil composed solely of sand. Lower elimination times were observed for the contaminant with the highest vapour pressure (toluene). Slight and non-significant decreases in yield, of around 1%, were obtained when going from a flow rate of 16 L.min-1 to a flow rate of 10 L.min-1. It has been shown that increasing the water content of the soil makes the depollution process less effective. The extraction rates of contaminants in double pollution are significantly lower than their extraction rates in monopollution. The T-SVE process, compared with conventional SVE, is more efficient in terms of clean-up time and extraction yield. The trends in pollutant concentration and depression curves obtained in field trials, where conditions are more complex and variable, are similar to those observed in the laboratory. An initial numerical approach to the simulation of mass transport/transfer based on the results of experiments on a 1D column was carried out. The proposed model is capable of simulating the extraction curves with good agreement with the experimental results
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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