1,720,969 research outputs found
Reducing non-tariff barriers in a more integrated ASEAN: will ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) be the best option?
No full textThis article evaluates regional efforts to reduce non-tariff barriers (NTBs)
amidst regional economic integration in South East Asia effectuated by
the establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The
Member States of ASEAN are supposed to undertake trade liberalization
commitments as part and parcel of their AEC commitments. However, the
use of NTBs in intra-ASEAN trade and beyond is high in numbers and types
even as regional economic integration within ASEAN came into effect. The
extent to which he provisions of the AEC treaty instruments (particularly
the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement) discipline the use of NTBs, is more
limited compared to the commitments undertaken in the Trans-Pacific
Partnership Agreement (TPP) that seeks deeper liberalization in the Asia-
Pacific region which may overlap with the ASEAN. As the TPP fails to take
off, the importance of AEC is revived. But the best practices of the TPP that
have clearer rules on NTMs and NTBs should not be discarded. They can
be incorporated into the AEC treaty instruments and their implementation
documents so that the barriers that slow regional trade can be effectively
liberalized
State-owned enterprises, market competition and the boundaries of competition law in Malaysia
No full textAn appraisal of the proviso to S 16 (1)(A) of Sale Of Goods Act 1957
No full textFitness for particular purpose is one of the exceptions to the common law principle of caveat emptor. It allows buyers to rely on the exception that is an implied condition, the breach of which entitles them to repudiate a contract of sale of goods. However the exception is subject to a condition – the goods should not be bought under patent or trade name. This condition can be found in the proviso to section 16(1)(a) of the Sale of Goods Act 1957. As such this article attempts to explain the basic principles underlying the proviso in light of the latest local cases like Union Alloy, Sunrise Bhd and Medicon Plastic. The finding is that the proviso is arguably applicable only to simple consumer goods while highly complicated goods like machinery in factories are outside its purview. The finding is that the proviso is arguably applicable only to simple consumer goods while highly complicated goods like machinery in factories are outside its purview. But the law in England post 1979 amendment has significantly changed with the equivalent proviso being scrapped. Thus the article suggests the Malaysia law to follow the same trend to the benefit of the consumers and public at larg
The position of siyar on free trade: a historico-legal analysis
No full textThis article examines how siyar can improve economic relations within and among Muslim States by liberalising and increasing trade. The notion of siyar historically presupposed strong trade relations within the Muslim
community where Muslims and specific categories of non-Muslims from all parts of the Muslim world and beyond could trade anywhere with little or no restrictions. However, over quite a long period the development of siyar was stalled. In this light, a rather historical approach is chosen by the author. The article will first discuss what siyar is and what its role was in regulating the economic relations of the early Islamic State. The approach
taken by siyar towards “free trade” as evidenced by the practices of the early Islamic State is introduced. A caveat has to be constructed that the concept
of free trade as practised at that time must not be understood in exactly the same way as the term free trade that underscores the present day GATT/WTO system. While barriers to trade were erected not only by the early
Islamic State but also by other States at that time, this research will aim to reach a conclusion as to whether a freer trade was and is desired by siyar. The article will look at the practices of later Islamic States, i.e. the Muslim dynasties which were established towards the end of the Abbasid period and thereafter, followed by a brief analysis of regulation of internal and external
trade by the Ottoman Empire. Such discussions will include consideration whether the practices of those dynasties were consistent with what had been recommended by siyar. Finally the article looks at the challenges to reviving siyar trade rules following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the emergence of many separate Muslim-nation States in the twentieth century
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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