1,721,011 research outputs found
Exploring Anthropogenic Climate Change as a Driver of Labour Migration and Livelihood Change: A Qualitative Case Study of Rural-to-Urban Migration in Bangladesh
Full text linkAs the impact of anthropogenic climate change on global weather systems becomes increasingly observable, and as scientific projections indicate that this is likely to worsen, academic and policy circles have sought to understand the likely impact of climate change on human migration flows. A variety of conceptual frameworks have been employed to examine this issue, and to understand migrants themselves. In most cases, these are applied with benevolent intent, seeking to minimise human suffering, especially for those vulnerable to climate change. Critical debate has, however, highlighted ways in which many prevalent approaches may undermine the rights and wellbeing of those heavily affected by climate change. The research presented in this thesis traces the evolution of this literature and questions the popular contemporary framing of migration as a beneficial form of adaptation to climate change.This case study investigation examines migrations from climate-vulnerable regions of Bangladesh to the country’s capital, Dhaka. Qualitative research methods have been employed to capture local perspectives from urban migrants, urban non-migrants, rural non-migrants, and experts in the field. The findings produce various understandings of the climate migrant experience which are at odds with mainstream “migration as adaptation” framing. Analysis of the data indicates that strong elements of force are integral to the climate migrant experience. Migrants’ choices and actions are severely limited with regards to relocation to the city, engagement in urban labour/livelihood, and maintained connections to home regions. A further crucial finding indicates that vulnerability typically transcends the migration transition, manifesting in new urban forms.Rooted in political ecology and political economy, this thesis situates these findings as indicative of ongoing processes of form of class formation and exploitation. It concludes that protection of the rights and interests of those vulnerable to climate change does not lie in promoting their “adaptation” to a form of environmental degradation which they did little to create. Rather, a truly emancipatory approach to the issue of climate change migration must address structural power imbalances that both lead to the exacerbation of such environmental deprivation, and which keep those who seek to escape it in a state of perpetual vulnerability
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The Gulf Arab States and Egypt's Political Economy : Examining New Spaces of Food and Agribusiness
Full text linkAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The discourse of Oslo : 'neutrality', the practice of power and Palestinian children
Full text linkThis paper examines the ways in which a particular discourse has shaped dominant conceptions of the Palestinian Intifada and configured the approach of the human rights community and others to events in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Termed the 'Oslo Discourse', the author argues that because of its claim to neutrality and objectivity and a binary definition of peace/violence, this discourse has served to obscure relations of power within the occupied territories. Based on an ahistorical approach to the Israeli occupation that focuses on military conflict rather than a strategic understanding of an overall system of control, the Oslo discourse serves to maintain and uphold the dominant relations of power in the region. Through a focus on Palestinian children and the discussions of Israel by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child in 2002, the author argues that the Oslo discourse has directly led to a failure to address the root issues that underlie the current Palestinian uprising, the second Intifada. The paper suggests an alternative approach to understanding the situation in the occupied territories based on a conception of power grounded in history.peer-reviewe
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