1,720,974 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Systemunterstützung für adaptive Pervasive-Computing-Anwendungen
No full textDriven by the ongoing miniaturization of computer technology as well as the proliferation of wireless communication technology, Pervasive Computing envisions seamless and distraction-free task support by distributed applications that are executed on computers embedded in everyday objects. As such, this vision is equally appealing to the computer industry and the user. Induced by various factors such as invisible integration, user mobility and computer failures, the resulting computer systems are heterogeneous, highly dynamic and evolving. As a consequence, applications that are executed in these systems need to adapt continuously to their ever-changing execution environment. Without further precautions, the need for adaptation can complicate application development and utilization which hinders the realization of the basic vision.
As solution to this dilemma, this dissertation describes the design of system software for Pervasive Computing that simplifies the development of adaptive applications. As opposed to shifting the responsibility for adapting an application to the user or the application developer, the system software introduces a component-based application model that can be configured and adapted automatically. To enable automation at the system level, the application developer specifies the dependencies on components and resources in an abstract manner using contracts. Upon application startup, the system uses the contractual descriptions to compute and execute valid configurations. At runtime, it detects changes to the configuration that require adaptation and it reconfigures the application.
To compute valid configurations upon application startup, the dissertation identifies the requirements for configuration algorithms. Based on an analysis of the problem complexity, the dissertation classifies possible algorithmic solutions and it presents an integrated approach for configuration based on a parallel backtracking algorithm. Besides from scenario specific modifications, retrofitting the backtracking algorithm requires a problem mapping from configuration to constraint satisfaction which can be computed on-the-fly at runtime. The resulting approach for configuration is then extended to support the optimization of a cost function that captures the most relevant cost factors during adaptation. This enables the use of the approach for configuration upon startup and reconfiguration during runtime adaptation.
As basis for the evaluation of the system software and the algorithm, the dissertation outlines a prototypical implementation. The prototypical implementation is used for a thorough evaluation of the presented concepts and algorithms by means of real world measurements and a number of simulations. The evaluation results suggest that the presented system software can indeed simplify the development of distributed applications that compensate the heterogeneity, dynamics and evolution of the underlying system. Furthermore, they indicate that the algorithm for configuration and the extensions for adaptation provide a sufficiently high performance in typical applications scenarios. Moreover, the results also suggest that they are preferable over of alternative solutions.
To position the presented solution within the space of possible and existing solutions, the dissertation discusses major representatives of existing systems and it proposes a classification of the relevant aspects. The relevant aspects are the underlying conceptual model of the system and the distribution of the responsibility for configuration and adaptation. The classification underlines that in contrast to other solutions, the presented solution provides a higher degree of automation without relying on the availability of a powerful computer. Thus, it simplifies the task of the application developer without distracting the user while being applicable to a broader range of scenarios. After discussing the related approaches and clarifying similarities and differences, the dissertation concludes with a short summary and an outlook on future work.Angetrieben von der voranschreitender Miniaturisierung und der anhaltenden exponentiellen Leistungssteigerung, waren Rechnersysteme über die letzten Jahrzehnte in der Lage, sich ständig neue Einsatzgebiete zu erschließen. Bereits heute wird der überwiegende Teil an Rechnern nicht mehr als Allzweckrechner eingesetzt, sondern er findet seine Bestimmung als eingebettetes System zur Überwachung und Steuerung von physikalischen Prozessen. Mit Hilfe von drahtloser Vernetzungstechnik, wird es zukünftigen Generationen von eingebetteten Systemen in verstärktem Maße möglich sein, miteinander zu kommunizieren.
Aufbauend auf diesen Trends beschreibt die Vision des Pervasive Computings – also die Vision des alles durchdringenden Rechnens – einen grundlegenden Paradigmenwechsel hinsichtlich des Einsatzes und der Nutzung von Rechnersystemen. Durch die Integration werden Rechner immer weniger als solche zu erkennen sein und durch die drahtlose Vernetzung können sie bei Bedarf spontan miteinander interagieren. Dadurch sind sie in der Lage, selbständig komplizierte Aufgaben zu lösen, die nicht oder nur bedingt von einem einzelnen eingebetteten System gelöst werden können. Die Anwendungen, die gemeinsam von diesen eingebetteten Systemen ausgeführt werden, werden ihre Nutzer nahtlos in ihrem täglichen Leben unterstützen, ohne sie von ihren Aufgaben abzulenken.
Die aus dieser Vision resultierenden vernetzten Systeme unterscheiden sich von herkömmlichen. Insbesondere werden sie, bedingt durch die Spezialisierung einzelner Rechner, hochgradig heterogen sein. Weiterhin werden sie durch die Eigenschaften der drahtlosen Kommunikationstechnik und durch die Mobilität von Benutzern und Rechnern zeitweise hoch dynamisch sein. Darüber hinaus wird sich die eingesetzte Rechnertechnik schneller entwickeln als sie von ihren Eigentümern ersetzt wird. Dies führt letztlich dazu, dass die vernetzten Systeme aus Rechnern unterschiedlicher Generationen bestehen werden.
Aus Sicht der Anwendungen führen diese Eigenschaften zu zusätzlichen Anforderungen, da sie sich an die Heterogenität und Dynamik anpassen müssen um dem Anwender eine möglichst nahtlose Unterstützung zu bieten. Allerdings können Anwendungen zur Steuerung der Anpassung nicht auf den Nutzer zurückgreifen, da dieser durch die zusätzliche Interaktion von der zu erledigenden Aufgabe abgelenkt wird. Dies wiederum erschwert die Aufgabe des Anwendungsentwicklers, da dieser neben der eigentlichen Anwendungslogik zusätzlich noch robuste Anpassungslogik entwickeln muss.
Um diesem Problem zu begegnen, entwickelt, beschreibt und bewertet diese Arbeit Konzepte und Verfahren, mit denen die Anpassung einer verteilten Anwendung an die verfügbaren Ressourcen automatisiert werden kann. Neben der strukturellen Anpassung der Verteilung durch Konfiguration wird dabei auch die Anpassung einzelner Anwendungsteile durch Parametrisierung berücksichtigt. Der Fokus liegt vornehmlich auf einer reaktiven Anpassung bei der auch Änderungen berücksichtigt werden können, die während der Ausführung nur schlecht oder überhaupt nicht vorherzusehen sind.
Im Gegensatz zu existierenden Konzepten und Verfahren zielt die vorliegende Arbeit vorwiegend auf den Einsatz in spontan vernetzten Systemen ab, die aus einer Reihe von ressourcenarmen Rechnern bestehen. Da deshalb nicht von der ständigen Verfügbarkeit eines ressourcenreichen Rechners ausgegangen werden kann, sind die resultierenden Verfahren grundsätzlich vollständig verteilt. Zum einen kann der vorgestellte Ansatz dadurch in einem breiten Spektrum unterschiedlicher Szenarien effektiv eingesetzt werden und zum anderen kann dadurch die inhärente Parallelität dieser vernetzten Systeme zur Leistungssteigerung ausgenutzt werden
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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