1,721,019 research outputs found
Instituting Copyright: Reconciling Copyright Law and Industry Practice in the Australian Film and Television Sector
No full textIntroduction: The law/practice conundrum When considering how rights are created and income streams generated in practice in the Australian film and television industry, legal scholarship invariably views these issues through the lens of formal copyright law. This approach involves asking well-established questions such as whether copyright subsists in particular types of subject matter being created and traded, who owns that copyright, and the scope of the resultant rights. When looked at in this way, it would seem that there are significant uncertainties as to the extent to which some cultural products are in fact legally protected, or who (if anyone) can be said to own the rights to them. For example, it is accepted that under Australian law something described at such a high level of abstraction as a ‘television format’ is not recognized as a species of copyright ‘work’ or ‘subject matter’. Even though aspects of television formats might constitute literary or dramatic works and receive copyright protection on that basis, a format per se is not something that is capable of being owned, assigned, licensed or infringed under copyright law. In a related manner, under Australian law the right to make an ‘adaptation’ of a literary or dramatic work is narrowly defined and the boundaries of the scope of the right to make a ‘reproduction’ of a substantial part of such a work are unclear. This means that it cannot be said with any degree of certainty that Australian copyright law protects ‘characters’ or gives copyright owners the right to make sequels, spin-offs or similar variations of their content. These copyright limitations are likely to be entirely familiar to legal scholars and students of copyright law, and similar uncertainties affect many jurisdictions. What is equally well-known is that there is a significant disjuncture between the formal law and how, in practice, cultural subject matter is in fact managed and income streams are generated. It is common knowledge that there is a long-standing industry practice of buying and selling rights to television formats, with the annual global trade in format rights valued at over 3 billion euros
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Franchise Dynamics, Creativity and the Law
No full textThe importance of studying franchises The invention of an entertainment concept rich enough to sustain a franchise has become an accepted indicator of original creative genius in the twenty-first century. However, the relationship between creativity, economic opportunity and intellectual property law in the context of entertainment franchises is not well understood. One of the reasons for this relates to the complexity of factors involved, as well as the role of serendipity. A short consideration of the origins of a world-famous franchise, now entering its fiftieth year, provides a case in point. ‘Hold tight and pretend it’s a plan!’: The Doctor Who franchise Given its origins, it is a wonder that Doctor Who even lasted beyond its first four episodes in 1963. The show had been conceived of by the BBC’s Head of Drama, Sydney Newman, in early 1963, as little more than an educational, science fiction drama that would appeal to children, in order to plug a gap in Saturday evening programming. The idea of a science fiction programme was frowned upon by some within the BBC, who disliked the genre’s associations with comic books and American pulp fiction, something that helps explain the initial lack of institutional support for the development of the show
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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