1,720,977 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI STARTER SCOBY (SYMBIOTIC CULTURE OF BACTERIA AND YEAST) TERHADAP TOTAL MIKROBA, TOTAL KHAMIR DAN ORGANOLEPTIK KOMBUCHA SARI BUAH APEL: Effect of SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast) Starter’s Concentration on Chemical, Microbiologycal and Organoleptic Properties of Apple Juice Kombuch
No full textABSTRACT
Apple juice kombucha was a fermented drink made from apple juice used a SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast) starter that eight (8) days fermented time. This research aimed to determine the effect of SCOBY starter’s concentration on Total Plate Count (TPC), total yeast, total acid, antioxidant activity and organoleptic (color, aroma and taste) properties of apple juice kombucha. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with concentration different of the SCOBY starter as the single factor i.e 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%, respectively, repeated in three (3) times resulting 18 experimental units. Co-Stat application with Analysis of Variance and Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test was used to analyze the statistic. The results present that the concentration level of SCOBY starter had a significant effect on TPC, total yeast, total acid, antioxidant activity and organoleptic quality including taste (hedonic and scoring) and color (scoring). The acceptable treatment (“somewhat favored”) for apple juice kombucha from organoleptic test was the concentration of SCOBY starter 4% added. That treatment had Total Plate Count 6.32 CFU/mL, total yeast 8.25 CFU/mL, total acid 0.65%, antioxidant activity 36.75% with organoleptic color “slightly brown”, aroma “does not smell apple” and taste “slightly sweet”.
ABSTRAK
Kombucha sari apel merupakan minuman fermentasi dari sari apel menggunakan starter SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast) dengan waktu fermentasi selama 8 hari. Jelaskan secara singkat alasan anda menggunakan / memilih SCOBY. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi starter SCOBY terhadap total mikroba, total khamir, total asam, aktivitas antioksidan dan organoleptik (warna, aroma dan rasa) kombucha sari apel. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yakni perbedaan konsentrasi starter SCOBY dengan perlakuan penambahan starter sebesar 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% dan 12% dengan tiga(3) kali ulangan sehingga menghasilkan 18 unit percobaan. Aplikasi Co-Stat dengan uji keragaman dan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) digunakan untuk menganalisa data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat konsentrasi starter SCOBY memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap Total Plate Count (TPC), total khamir, total asam, aktivitas antioksidan dan mutu organoleptik meliputi rasa (hedonik dan scoring) dan warna (scoring). Perlakuan kombucha sari apel dengan rasa yang dapat diterima (“agak disukai”) oleh panelis adalah perlakuan penambahan konsentrasi starter SCOBY sebanyak 4%. Perlakuan tersebut memiliki Total Plate Count 6,32 CFU/mL, total khamir 8,25 CFU/mL, total asam 0,65%, aktivitas antioksidan 36,75% dengan organoleptik warna “agak cokelat”, aroma “tidak beraroma apel” dan rasa “agak manis”
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
PENGARUH LAMA PEMANASAN TERHADAP VITAMIN C, AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN SIFAT SENSORIS SIRUP KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.)
Full text linkThe aim of this research was to determine the effect of boiling time on vitamin C, antioxidant activity, reduction sugar, pH and sensory properties (tastes and aroma) of singapore cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) syrup. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) one factor (boiling time) consist of five treatments: P1 (20 minute), P2 (30 minute), P3 (40 minute), P4 (50 minute), P5 (60 minute). The observed parameters were vitamin C, antioxidant activity, reduction sugar, pH and sensory properties (tastes and aroma with hedonic and scoring test). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance at 5% confident level with Co-Stat software. The significant data were analyzed using Honestly Significant Differences (HSD) test. The result showed that boiling time gave a significant effect on pH, vitamin C, antioxidant activity and reduction sugar but didn’t significant on sensory properties (tastes and aromas). The best treatment was boiling time for 20 minutes that resulted in the highest value of vitamin C (28.09 mg/100 g material) and antioxidant activity (51.79%). Meanwhile the reduction sugar was 7.95%, pH 4.28, the taste was rather sweet and the aroma was rather specific of Singapore cherry.Keywords: antioxidant, Singapore cherry, syrup, vitamin C.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama pemanasan (perebusan) terhadap kadar vitamin C, aktivitas antioksidan, gula reduksi, pH dan sifat sensoris (rasa dan aroma) sirup kersen (Muntingia calabura L.). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yaitu lama pemanasan (perebusan) yang terdiri dari lima perlakuan, meliputi; P1 (20 menit), P2 (30 menit), P3 (40 menit), P4 (50 menit), P5 (60 menit). Parameter yang diamati meliputi vitamin C, aktivitas antioksidan, gula reduksi, pH dan sifat sensoris rasa dan aroma (metode hedonik dan scoring) sirup kersen. Data hasil pengamatan diuji dengan analisis keragaman pada taraf nyata 5 % menggunakan software Co-Stat. Apabila hasil pengamatan terdapat perbedaan yang nyata, maka diuji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan lama perebusan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata (signifikan) terhadap pH, vitamin C, aktivitas antioksidan dan gula reduksi namun memberikan pengaruh yang tidak berbeda nyata (non signifikan) terhadap sifat sensoris rasa dan aroma (uji hedonik dan scoring) sirup kersen. Perlakuan terbaik adalah lama perebusan 20 menit karena menghasilkan sirup kersen dengan vitamin C tertinggi (28,09 mg/100 g bahan) dan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi (51,79%), gula reduksi 7,95%, pH 4,28, rasa agak manis dan aroma agak khas kersen.Kata kunci: antioksidan, kersen, sirup, vitamin C
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
