7 research outputs found
Moroccan Women’s Writings: Rethinking their Female Body and Sexuality
No full textThe nineteen eighties and nineties marked a turning point in Moroccan women’s campaign against gender discrimination and patriarchal hegemony. During this period, Moroccan women’s writings moved beyond the archaic subjects that had been dominating the literary scene during the sixties, such as the call for women’s education, women’s work in the public sphere and women’s domesticity issues, having as a goal to start addressing some of what was considered taboo issues such as the question of the female body, sexuality, and teenage pregnancy. The emergence of such writings heralded an awakening of a feminist consciousness that reflected new and revolutionary feminist perceptions. They provided a feminist definition of the question of the female body and sexuality, beyond common patriarchal views. From the 1980s on, women’s literature unmasked women’s unique feminist approach to writing their bodies and celebrate female subjectivity against what was considered to be unmovable norms. In this context, the very concept of a woman’s body and sexuality remained a taboo that resisted critique. The female body remains submerged in patriarchal discourse that not only neglects it but renders it a passive entity that finds its meaning only within the boundaries of male language and desire. The female body was always represented through the system of patriarchy as a source of temptation and pleasure; hence the view that it should be controlled, protected, and veiled. However, the development of women’s feminist consciousness entails in its tenets, new perceptions of the female body and sexuality. Within this context, this paper examines Moroccan women’s new feminist consciousness of their bodies and sexuality by providing an analytical study of some feminist works by Fatima Mernissi, Soumaya Naamane Guessous, and Ghita El Khayat. Through their feminist writings, such writers attempted to transgress this taboo subject and go beyond the patriarchal assumptions about the female body and sexuality
DEPICTING THE MOROCCAN MUSLIM WOMAN'S STRUGGLE AGAINST THE PATRIARCHAL AFRICAN-MUSLIM CONTEXT IN THE POSTCOLONIAL MOROCCO
No full textThis essay aims to show how much Leila Abouzeid, the author of the novel Year of Elephant, has developed her own discursive space in order to express the unspoken and depict the abrupt trauma of postcolonial Morocco from a postcolonial feminist perspective. The concept of "the Future" or "l'Avenir" of Jacques Derrida should unquestionably be implied in the aftermath of postcolonial Morocco. In this setting, Morocco's post-colonial fallout is obvious and predictable. The marriage, education, and administrative institutions have all been severely corrupted. Women who gave their lives in the armed resistance are now abruptly subject to patriarchy, mistreated by customs, and shunned by the law. Through qualitative description, this paper claims that the experiences of women in colonialism are celebrated. Using feminist research, experiences of women from postcolonial Morocco have been voiced and the novel portrays a woman’s spiritual journey, and it is an event of cross-cultural literary history. Published in 1989, Year of the Elephant has had a great impact on promoting Moroccan women’s legal situation in contemporary Morocco. The new millennium has signaled a new phase for women’s legal triumph
DEPICTING THE MOROCCAN MUSLIM WOMAN'S STRUGGLE AGAINST THE PATRIARCHAL AFRICAN-MUSLIM CONTEXT IN THE POSTCOLONIAL MOROCCO
No full textThis essay aims to show how much Leila Abouzeid, the author of the novel Year of Elephant, has developed her own discursive space in order to express the unspoken and depict the abrupt trauma of postcolonial Morocco from a postcolonial feminist perspective. The concept of "the Future" or "l'Avenir" of Jacques Derrida should unquestionably be implied in the aftermath of postcolonial Morocco. In this setting, Morocco's post-colonial fallout is obvious and predictable. The marriage, education, and administrative institutions have all been severely corrupted. Women who gave their lives in the armed resistance are now abruptly subject to patriarchy, mistreated by customs, and shunned by the law. Through qualitative description, this paper claims that the experiences of women in colonialism are celebrated. Using feminist research, experiences of women from postcolonial Morocco have been voiced and the novel portrays a woman’s spiritual journey, and it is an event of cross-cultural literary history. Published in 1989, Year of the Elephant has had a great impact on promoting Moroccan women’s legal situation in contemporary Morocco. The new millennium has signaled a new phase for women’s legal triumph
The 2011 Constitution: the Moroccan Amazigh Woman’s Empowerment
No full textThe new millennium has signaled a new phase for Moroccan women’s legal triumph. The 2004 Family Code and the 2011Constitution are until now the main achievements of Moroccan women’s feminist movement. In addition to granting women’s rights, these new Laws have brought a special aspect to women’s cause in Morocco, that of uniting women from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Deriving from a moderate Islamic tradition and recognizing Morocco’s multicultural and multilingual context, such legal resources have paved the way for a particular Moroccan feminism. The latter
joins Moroccan women’s diverse cultures and opinions altogether and attempts to construct a collective female identity beyond time and space. More importantly, the institutionalization of the Amazigh language is an official recognition of the cultural specificity of nearly half of the Moroccan population. Building on such unprecedented event, the Amazigh monolingual woman has gained political recognition. Such
recognition has brought Amazigh women from the margin to the center and has made their contribution to the rise of feminist consciousness in Morocco more visible than before. This event has revitalized Amazigh women’s oral heroic stories and highlighted their significant role in Moroccan history. As offshoots of this indigenous language revival, Amazigh women’s cultural identity and female political subjectivity have become reinforced and asserted. In the light of these new political and legal vicissitudes, this paper seeks to elucidate the extent to which the institutionalization of the Amazigh
language has empowered Moroccan Amazigh women and granted them political and social statuses. Still, the implementation of these new legal triumphs unveils deficiency and ambivalence
Le Pacte mondial pour l’environnement : un appui à la gouvernance mondiale de l’environnement?
No full textOn May 10th, 2018, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution opening negotiations for a Global Compact for the Environment that could fill the gaps in current governance. To this end, a special working group has been set up to discuss ways of addressing the shortcomings of international environmental law as set out by the Secretary General of the United Nations in a technical report of December 13th, 2018 and, consequently, the opportunity of adopting a general international treaty for the protection of the environment which would decline in the form of legally binding commitments all the founding principles of international environmental law. As part of this contribution, the author questions the legal and practical relevance of this future global pact initiated by a group of legal international experts aimed at improving the global governance of the environment by promoting greater effectiveness of international environmental law, particularly through more inclusive governance mechanisms.L’Assemblée générale des Nations unies a adopté le 10 mai 2018 une résolution ouvrant des négociations en faveur d’un Pacte mondial pour l’environnement susceptible de combler les défaillances de la gouvernance actuelle. À cet effet, un groupe de travail spécial a été mis en place avec pour mission de discuter des moyens permettant de remédier aux lacunes du droit international de l’environnement telles qu’exposées, par le Secrétaire général des Nations unies, dans un rapport technique en date du 13 décembre 2018 et, corolairement, de l’opportunité d’adopter un traité international général en faveur de la protection de l’environnement qui déclinerait sous forme d’engagements juridiquement contraignants l’ensemble des principes fondateurs du droit international de l’environnement. Dans le cadre de la présente contribution, l’auteure s’interroge sur la pertinence juridique et pratique de ce futur pacte mondial initié par un collectif d’experts internationaux en droit qui viserait à améliorer la gouvernance mondiale de l’environnement en favorisant une plus grande effectivité du droit international de l’environnement au travers notamment des mécanismes de gouvernance plus inclusifs.El 10 de mayo de 2018, la Asamblea General de la ONU adoptó una resolución que abre las negociaciones para la conclusión de un Pacto Mundial por el Medio Ambiente que podría llenar los vacíos presentes en la gobernanza actual. Con este fin, se estableció un grupo de trabajo especial para discutir formas de abordar las deficiencias del derecho ambiental internacional, según lo establecido por el Secretario General de la ONU en un informe técnico presentado el 13 de diciembre de 2018 y, por consiguiente, para discutir acerca de la posibilidad de adoptar un tratado internacional general para la protección del medio ambiente en el que todos los principios fundacionales del derecho internacional del medio ambiente serían establecidos como obligaciones legalmente vinculantes. A manera de contribución, la autora se cuestiona sobre la relevancia legal y práctica de este futuro pacto global iniciado por un grupo de expertos legales internacionales que busca mejorar la gobernanza global del medio ambiente mediante la promoción de la alta efectividad del derecho ambiental internacional, particularmente a través de mecanismos de gobernanza más inclusivos.Ait-Aissi Paillon Nora. Le Pacte mondial pour l’environnement : un appui à la gouvernance mondiale de l’environnement?. In: Revue Québécoise de droit international, volume 31-2, 2018. pp. 71-102
D’Aichi à Montréal : coup de projecteur sur le nouveau Cadre mondial de la biodiversité à l’horizon 2030
No full textLa 15e réunion de la Conférence des Parties à la Convention sur la
diversité biologique qui s’est tenue à Montréal en décembre 2022 a abouti à l’adoption
d’un nouveau plan stratégique à l’horizon 2030, intitulé Cadre mondial de la
biodiversité Kunming-Montréal. Prenant le relais des Objectifs d’Aichi venus à
échéance en 2020, ce programme d’action, accueilli dans un climat d’euphorie, cristallise
tous les espoirs quant à la mise en oeuvre de politiques nationales ambitieuses et intégrées
susceptibles de répondre aux multiples défis concourants au déclin de la biodiversité. Axé
sur une plus grande reconnaissance des droits humains et ceux des communautés autochtones
ainsi que sur une approche de travail participative et inclusive, le nouveau cadre mondial
doit favoriser la réalisation des objectifs de développement durable et nous permettre de
vivre en harmonie avec la nature d’ici 2050. Dans le cadre de la présente contribution,
l’auteure explore les potentialités et les faiblesses, de nature factuelle et juridique,
entourant la réalisation des objectifs et des cibles multisectorielles autour desquelles
s’articule ce cadre mondial.At the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the
Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Montreal in December 2022, a new
strategic plan for the 2030 horizon was adopted, entitled Kunming-Montreal Global
Biodiversity Framework. Taking over from the Aichi Targets, which expired in
2020, this action plan, welcomed in a climate of euphoria, crystallizes all hopes for the
implementation of ambitious, integrated national policies capable of responding to the
multiple challenges contributing to the decline in biodiversity. Based on greater
recognition of human rights and those of indigenous communities, as well as on a
participatory and inclusive working approach, the new global framework should help us to
achieve the goals of sustainable development and enable us to live in harmony with nature by
2050. In this contribution, the author explores the potentialities and weaknesses, both
factual and legal, surrounding the achievement of the multi-sectoral goals and targets
around which this global framework is structured.La 15ª reunión de la Conferencia de las Partes en el Convenio sobre la
Diversidad Biológica, celebrada en Montreal en diciembre de 2022, dio lugar a la
adopción de un nuevo plan estratégico hasta 2030, titulado Marco Mundial para la
Diversidad Biológica de Kunming-Montreal. Tomando el relevo de las Metas de
Aichi, que expiraron en 2020, este programa de acción, acogido en un clima de euforia,
cristaliza todas las esperanzas de aplicación de políticas nacionales ambiciosas e
integradas, capaces de responder a los numerosos retos que contribuyen al declive de la
biodiversidad. Basado en un mayor reconocimiento de los derechos humanos y los de las
comunidades indígenas, así como en un enfoque participativo e integrador del trabajo, el
nuevo marco global debería ayudarnos a alcanzar los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible y
permitirnos vivir en armonía con la naturaleza de aquí a 2050. En esta contribución, el
autor explora el potencial y las debilidades, tanto fácticas como jurídicas, que rodean la
consecución de los objetivos y las metas multisectoriales en torno a los cuales se
estructura este marco global
Le Pacte mondial pour l’environnement : un appui à la gouvernance mondiale de l’environnement?
No full textL’Assemblée générale des Nations unies a adopté le 10 mai 2018 une résolution ouvrant des négociations en faveur d’un Pacte mondial pour l’environnement susceptible de combler les défaillances de la gouvernance actuelle. À cet effet, un groupe de travail spécial a été mis en place avec pour mission de discuter des moyens permettant de remédier aux lacunes du droit international de l’environnement telles qu’exposées, par le Secrétaire général des Nations unies, dans un rapport technique en date du 13 décembre 2018 et, corolairement, de l’opportunité d’adopter un traité international général en faveur de la protection de l’environnement qui déclinerait sous forme d’engagements juridiquement contraignants l’ensemble des principes fondateurs du droit international de l’environnement. Dans le cadre de la présente contribution, l’auteure s’interroge sur la pertinence juridique et pratique de ce futur pacte mondial initié par un collectif d’experts internationaux en droit qui viserait à améliorer la gouvernance mondiale de l’environnement en favorisant une plus grande effectivité du droit international de l’environnement au travers notamment des mécanismes de gouvernance plus inclusifs.On May 10th, 2018, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution opening negotiations for a Global Compact for the Environment that could fill the gaps in current governance. To this end, a special working group has been set up to discuss ways of addressing the shortcomings of international environmental law as set out by the Secretary General of the United Nations in a technical report of December 13th, 2018 and, consequently, the opportunity of adopting a general international treaty for the protection of the environment which would decline in the form of legally binding commitments all the founding principles of international environmental law. As part of this contribution, the author questions the legal and practical relevance of this future global pact initiated by a group of legal international experts aimed at improving the global governance of the environment by promoting greater effectiveness of international environmental law, particularly through more inclusive governance mechanisms.El 10 de mayo de 2018, la Asamblea General de la ONU adoptó una resolución que abre las negociaciones para la conclusión de un Pacto Mundial por el Medio Ambiente que podría llenar los vacíos presentes en la gobernanza actual. Con este fin, se estableció un grupo de trabajo especial para discutir formas de abordar las deficiencias del derecho ambiental internacional, según lo establecido por el Secretario General de la ONU en un informe técnico presentado el 13 de diciembre de 2018 y, por consiguiente, para discutir acerca de la posibilidad de adoptar un tratado internacional general para la protección del medio ambiente en el que todos los principios fundacionales del derecho internacional del medio ambiente serían establecidos como obligaciones legalmente vinculantes. A manera de contribución, la autora se cuestiona sobre la relevancia legal y práctica de este futuro pacto global iniciado por un grupo de expertos legales internacionales que busca mejorar la gobernanza global del medio ambiente mediante la promoción de la alta efectividad del derecho ambiental internacional, particularmente a través de mecanismos de gobernanza más inclusivos
