36 research outputs found
<i>Report:</i> Globalization of Economic Activity: Issues for Tourism
No full text Economic activity is not only becoming more internationalized, but, more significantly, it is becoming increasingly globalized. Globalization is always regarded as the product of the liberalization that has been the hallmark of economic policy throughout the world during the past decade. It has also set in motion forces working to accelerate liberalization. One of the distinguishing features of trade at the end of the twentieth century and at the start of the new millennium has been the expansion of regional trade agreements and the multilateral agreements. The internationalization of services is at the core of today's economic globalization. Tourism has become one of the most important industries in the world, and its economic impacts are vital for many countries. It has long supported the idea of services agreements and has become a major component in the globalization of international trade, particularly with respect to services. There is no doubt that the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) have assisted the growth of international trade in goods and services. However, the success of such instruments relies upon markets behaving in a Ricardian manner, incorporating the fluidity and transparency that form the substance of those markets. </jats:p
Globalization of Air Transport: The Challenges of the GATS
No full text The impacts of globalization on national and international policy making processes are illustrated by an examination of the effects on air transport industries. Trends towards the liberalization of air transport activities have been noted in many countries, mainly, to date, those of developed or rapidly developing status. Specific demand and supply conditions affect the air transport industries, and a particular regulatory framework has grown up since the 1940s. The study examines trends towards the privatization of airline companies in the context of (a) the development of so-called global ‘alliances’ or ‘partnerships’ and (b) liberalization at regional level and within trade groups such as the European Union. The new challenges of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) are considered, especially in terms of how developing countries can develop appropriate policies in response to the forces of globalization, increasing liberalization and competition. </jats:p
The impact of Gats: a case study of tourism development in Egypt.
No full textEconomic activity is becoming not only more internationalised, but, more significantly, it is becoming increasingly globalised. Globalisation is always regarded as a product of the liberalisation that has been the hallmark of economic policy throughout the world during the past two decades. Globalisation and liberalisation feed off each other and the former has certainly set in motion forces
working to accelerate liberalisation. Both globalisation and liberalisation have increased the potential for international trade to further establish itself as an engine of growth and an important mechanism for integrating countries into the global economy. Tourism is not only the dominant service in world trade, it has also become one of
the most important industries in the world and its economic impacts are vital for many countries. The tourism industry has long supported the idea of services agreements and has become a major force of the globalisation of international trade, particularly in services. The significance of tourism as a source of income and employment and as a major factor in the balance of payments for many countries has
been attracting increasing attention. Governments, private sector entities, regional and local authorities, and others with an interest in international trade and economic
development have recognised the role to be played by tourism. If the barriers to worldwide travel were eliminated or reduced substantially, international trade in
tourism services is likely to increase dramatically.
The globalisation of production and the liberalisation of trade offer opportunities for all countries and enable developing countries to play a more active role in the world
economy. However, these newfound opportunities do not come without a price and this is to be found in the increasing complexity associated with interdependence including instability and marginalisation. Therefore, the net result is one of trade off between economic gains and costs.
The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is the only international body dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and
signed by the bulk of the trading nations of the world. Its main functions, as defined in article III of the Agreement, are to facilitate the implementation, administration
and operation of the Uruguay Round Agreements (GATT, GATS, TRIPS, act) and to provide a forum for negotiations among members. The WTO's overriding objective is to help trade flow smoothly, freely, fairly and predictably. There is no doubt that the WTO and the GATS have assisted the growth of
international trade in goods and services. However, the success of such instruments relies upon markets behaving in a Ricardian manner incorporating the fluidity and
transparency that form the substance of those markets.
The purpose of this research is, through analysis, to gain insight into the impacts of liberalisation brought about by the GATS on tourism development in Egypt and to explore stakeholders' perceptions of tourism liberalisation. This research aims to analyse the terms, codes and practice of the WTO and the GATS and their implications for the tourism sector. This examination is intended to enhance
understanding of how the General Agreement is intended to work and how it may help governments exploit the system to their own advantage, especially in the developing countries.
The research has five broad objectives. The first is to evaluate the level of openness in Egypt's trade in services in general and tourism in particular. The second is to
examine and display the main features of Egypt's GATS commitments. Third, is to explore whether the macroeconomic environment offers the necessary conditions for tourism liberalisation and for private business development (foreign and local alike). Fourth, to determine whether the institutional climate is amenable to the growth and
competitiveness of private firms. Finally, to evaluate the potential impacts of GATS on tourism development in Egypt. This research also has the objective of developing
policy options that embrace and reflect all the major relevant concepts of tourism liberalisation. There are likely to be transitional impacts of trade liberalisation through WTO and GATS. The World Bank (2000) states that globalisation and liberalisation do not benefit everyone equally. Developing countries and the least developing countries are always the least able to take advantage of the opportunities that GATS presents, and globalisation and liberalisation may lead to an increase in inequality in these countries. The future of tourism development in Egypt, as well as the ability of Egypt to integrate successfully into the global trading system will depend upon its ability to strengthen its capacity to produce internationally competitive services and upon the extent of liberalisation in the services sectors in general and the tourism sector in particular. In today's globalised market, a country competes with every other destination in the
type and price of tourism it offers. The main findings of this research indicate that if Egypt is to be successful in competing in the international tourism market, standards
of excellence must be introduced for its products, particularly for infrastructure and accommodation and services. Management and administration of the sector must
improve. Governments must shift to policies that encourage tourism. For example, the sector cannot develop without improvements in public health and personal safety in tourist areas. Air policies that support ease of access and traffic growth are also critical. Governments must also invest in expanded human resource development and institutional capacity building, and improve environmental mitigation and protection. The value to the final consumer is determined by the quality of all these components of the tourism package. Given its cross-sectoral nature, tourism will only develop in a sustainable manner if it is integrated into the country's overall policies and economic and physical planning mechanisms and if linkages are created across the many sectors spanned by tourism. Partial policy measures will be inadequate to address vested interests, underlying economic relationships and generic social or physical constraints. The creation of highly competitive products through good management of natural
and built tourist assets is most likely to convince the international industry to promote one country over another in the global market place. Countries can influence these external industry managers through an effective and continuing promotion and marketing campaign, but will be successful only if there is a highquality, competitive product to sell that competes in value and not just price.
It is hoped that these findings, which offer an understanding of the impacts of GATS and WTO on tourism development, may help address national and regional tourism
development policy-making and strategies in developing countries
The smart safety Shoe: A new type of safety shoe that helps prevent lower back problems and opens the door to a new era of preventive safety footwear
No full textThe smart safety shoe is a concept safety shoe that has been in development as a collaboration between Allshoes safety footwear and TU Delft since 2020. Previous work on the shoe consisted of 2 graduation projects and a student course which resulted in the current concept of an injury preventing safety shoe focused on preventing lower back pain in the logistics sector. The shoe works by using pressure sensors and machine learning to detect unhealthy postures while its wearer has to lift various objects as part of their job (manual handling). This project focused on further developing the concept of the smart safety shoe and evaluating the prototypes from the last two projects. Previous projects provided two different pressure sensor layouts which are evaluated using a high-end pressure sensing insole. A manual handling experiment was set up and performed on 16 different participants from a lab and a warehouse. During testing participants were instructed to perform manual handling while holding 5 different postures. It was possible to train a machine learning model using the various pressure profiles gathered from the experiment. Using this model, the two sensor layouts from the previous projects were evaluated for their ability to detect the 5 predetermined postures. It was found that the latest layout outperformed the previous one and was therefore selected for further development of the smart safety shoe.The integration of various other sensors and actuators was evaluated, and the core functions of the shoe were defined with an indication towards future improvements of the smart safety shoe.The shoe has now been publicly presented by Allshoes and the goal is to have the product on the market by the end of 2025. In order for this to happen further prototyping is needed to create an improved machine learning model based on the selected sensor layout. The shoe shows promising responses from current safety shoe clients. When finally launched it will be part of a new type of protective equipment focused on prevention.Design for Interactio
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF RESTRICTION SHAPE ON CHARACTERISTICS OF AIRFLOW IN A SQUARE DUCT
No full text Experimental and numerical investigation has been under taken to study turbulent flow of air through duct using restriction in different shapes and positions for Reynolds numbers ranges of (8.2x104 → 5.6x104).The numerical approach used in this work is the finite volume method for solution of elliptic partial differential equation for the modeling of turbulent (k-) model as well as wall function concept near the wall which was used to take the turbulent effects into consideration have been employed.The experimental test rigs were constructed from Perspex, and a fivehole pressure probe was used to measure the three component of air flow velocity vector in space.The results show that the total pressure drop depends on the shape and position of the restriction, and the pressure drop coefficient due to the restriction shape and position (kR) depends on two parameters; blockage area ratio (Ab) and the ratio between wetted perimeter to the free remainder perimeter (pe/Pe) and dose not depend on the Reynolds number ( for the same blockage area ratio Ab if the pe/Pe increases 40%, the coefficient kR increases 7% , and for the same pe/Pe, if the blockage area ratio increases 50% ,the coefficient kR increases 10%). But the pressure drop coefficient due to the friction (Cf) is a function of Reynolds.
Developing Best Practices to Achieve Sustainable Development in Hotels
No full textPurpose: This research seeks to create a checklist of optimal practices for attaining Sustainable Development (SD) in hotels located in Fayoum, Egypt. To achieve this, a conceptual framework is developed from the viewpoint of customers, aiming to investigate the ways in which SD initiatives influence guests' decisions about hotel stays and their propensity to return.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The research utilizes a survey methodology, which includes distributing a questionnaire to hotel patrons to evaluate the hypotheses through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The survey effectively engaged 210 participants, yielding 160 valid responses deemed suitable for statistical analysis, resulting in a response rate of 76%.
Findings: The research indicates that SD measures have a notable effect on guests' intentions to return (IR). The environmental, economic, and social aspects of SD, influenced by subjective norms, enhance IR positively. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis validates that subjective norms play a significant mediating role in the connection between SD measures and IR, demonstrating considerable predictive relevance.
Implications/Originality/Value: This study enhances the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by applying it within the hotel industry, presenting a holistic SD framework that encompasses environmental, economic, and social aspects. From a practical standpoint, it equips hotel managers with a set of actionable strategies (Toolkit) to adopt effective SD practices, improve service quality, and cultivate guest loyalty through sustainable operations
Artificial Intelligence for marketing plan: the case for e-marketing companies
No full textУ статті узагальнено аргументи та контраргументи в рамках наукової дискусії щодо застосування штучного інтелекту
(ШІ) при підготовці маркетингового плану в Інтернеті. Систематизація літературних джерел та підходів до вирішення
проблеми застосування маркетингових інструментів засвідчила, що ШІ дозволяє підвищити ефективність проведення
аналізу конкурентоспроможності компаній, оцінювання стратегій конкурентів, планування маркетингового бюджету та
моніторінгу його виконнання тощо. Виявлено проблеми ШІ, які можуть вплинути на ефективність діяльності компаній.
Метою роботи є дослідження можливостей використання ШІ при підготовці маркетингового плану компанії. Для досягнення
поставленої мети, дослідження проведено у наступній логічній послідовності: 1) формування стратифікованої вибірки
дослідження на основі статистичних даних 141 компанії в різних галузях; 2) аналіз даних за допомогою програмного
забезпечення SPSS; 3) аналіз можливостей застосування ШІ при підготовці маркетингового плану; 4) визначення етапів
процесу підготовки маркетингового плану на основі можливостей ШІ. Об’єктом дослідження є компанії Королівства
Саудівської Аравії. Практичну реалізацію всіх етапів дослідження здійснено з використанням статистичних методів
множинної регресії та тесту Фрідмана. Дослідження емпірично підтверджує та теоретично доводить, що ШІ має суттєве
значення у процесі розробки маркетингових планів завдяки можливостям аналізу зовнішнього середовища та стратегій
конкурентів, а також формування маркетингових цілей компанії. При цьому ШІ може застосовуватись у підготовці та оцінці
бюджету та маркетингового плану, а також здійснювати подальший моніторінг їх виконання. У ході дослідження автор
приходить до висновку, що ШІ сприяє кращому розумінню цільових ринків та аудиторії, дозволяє підготувати відповідні
стратегії. Наведено практичні рекомендації щодо особливостей застосування ШІ при підготовці маркетингового плану
компанії.This paper summarises the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on
artificial intelligence (AI) in preparing a marketing plan for e-marketing organizations. This research aims to identify
the extent of the contribution of AI in preparing the marketing plan. The author noted that intended to know how emarketing companies could use AI techniques in situation analysis, analyze competitors' strategies, strategic goals,
preparing marketing strategies, preparing an estimated marketing budget, and control a marketing plan.
Systematization of the scientific background and approaches on preparing a marketing plan for e-marketing
organizations indicates that many companies, especially small companies, marketing their products via the Internet,
cannot develop a successful marketing plan. In turn, it could be solved through the use of AI techniques. The study
was conducted on a group of companies that market their products via the Internet in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
To gain the research goal, this study was carried out in the following logical sequence: 1) developing the stratified
sample by collecting statistical information for 141 company in a variety of fields; 2) analyzing the data using SPSS;
3) predicting how AI could be used in preparing the marketing plan; 4) identifying the arrangement of the steps for
preparing the marketing plan in terms of the ability of AI techniques. The methodological tools of the study were
methods of the multiple regression analysis and the Friedman test. The study empirically confirms and theoretically
proves that AI contributes significantly in developing marketing plans through its great contribution to environmental
analysis and analysis of competitors' strategies and setting marketing goals. Besides, AI contributes to preparing the
budget and appreciating the marketing plan, to its evaluation and control. The author mentioned that AI provides
understanding and selecting target markets and sectors, targeting customers, and preparing appropriate marketing
mix strategies for each market sector. Therefore, the study provides recommendations to online organizations to
use AI in preparing their marketing plan because of its great ability to contribute to this
Stresses at the Intersection of Sphere and Cylinder by a Variant Finite-Difference Method
No full textThe aim of this paper is the determination of stresses at the intersection of cylinder with the sphere using a variant finite-difference technique. Mesh lines are drawn on the cross section of the body which are roughly parallel and perpendicular to the boundary, and which the author calls natural meshes. Discretization of the governing differential equations must be carried out to reduce the continuous problem to a discrete problem, this discretization converts the problem into a set of linear simultaneous equations for the functions under consideration at a set of mesh points. The derivatives to be inserted in the governing equations and boundary conditions are found by writing Taylor series expansions at a point in terms of five neighboring points in the case where the point is an internal point (four for a boundary point). By an elimination process the derivatives can be eliminated for each point, and we are left with the unknown functions only.</jats:p
Chemical constituents, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of Anisotes trisulcus
No full textAbstractAnisotes trisulcus (Forssk.) Nees. (family Acanthaceae) aerial part is used in folk medicine in the Arabian peninsula for treatment of hepatic conditions. It showed different activities such as antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and cytotoxicity. It is a rich source of alkaloids and is used as an antidiabetic, bronchodilator, hypotensive, and local anesthetic. To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the phenolic constituents of A. trisulcus. Therefore, this study aims to identify the constituents and establish antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the total methanolic extract and different fractions. One new benzoyl flavonol: 7,8,3′-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-4′-benzoyl flavonol (5), along with eight known compounds: α-amyrin (1), β-sitosterol (2), stigmasterol (3), (2S,3S,4R)-2[(2′R)-2′-hydroxytetracosanoyl amino]-octadecane-1,3,4-triol (4), allopateuletin (6), veratric acid (7), vanillic acid (8), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (9) were isolated from A. trisulcus aerial parts. Their structures were established by physical, chemical, and spectral data (UV, IR, MS, and 1D NMR), as well as comparison with authentic samples. The anti-inflammatory activity of the total methanolic extract and different fractions was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema method at a dose of 400mg/kg. Also, the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH assay at concentrations 0.25, 0.5, and 1mg/mL. The total MeOH extract and EtOAc fraction showed high antioxidant activity 75% and 68% (Conc. 1mg/mL), respectively while, the n-hexane and EtOAc fractions exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects
Proyek Pembangunan Jalan Tol Bekasi - Cawang - Kampung Melayu (BECAKAYU) Seksi 2A Ujung
No full textDalam masa perkuliahannya di Perguruan Tinggi, Mahasiswa banyak mempelajari teori mengenai ilmu-ilmu di bidang yang ditekuninya. Namun Mahasiswa juga dituntut agar dapat
mengaplikasikan teori-teori yang didapatkannya di perkuliahan untuk diterapkan ke dalam pelaksanannya di lapangan. Salah satu yang dijalankan oleh Departemen Teknik Sipil Insitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember adalah dengan Kerja Praktek. Penulis berkesempatan melakukan kerja praktek di Proyek Pembangunan Jalan Tol Bekasi – Cawang – Kampung Melayu Seksi 2A Ujung.
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During their studies at University, students study a lot of theory regarding the sciences in his field of interest. However, students are also required to do so
apply the theories he gets in lectures to be applied inward
implementation in the field. One of which is run by Civil Engineering Department Sepuluh Nopember Institut of Technology is by practical work. The author had the opportunity to do practical work on the Road Construction Project Bekasi - Cawang - Kampung Melayu Toll Road Section 2A Ujung
