62,425 research outputs found
DIETARY CONDITIONS AND DIFFERENTIAL ACCESS TO FOOD RESOURCES AMONG THE VARIOUS CLASSES DURING THE HAN PERIOD
No full textIn this thesis, I study how food resources and dietary conditions were determined by social and economic status during the Han period in China, B.C. 206~A.D.220. Even though earlier scholars have published research concerning the Chinese food culture of this period, these studies were limited in that they only illustrated the dietary culture of the upper class or the available food resources in one geographic area. Also, without any persuasive data, it has been assumed by these earlier scholars that there were big differences in food resources and food consumption between the upper and lower classes. In this thesis, for comparison among the classes, I divide the social and economic classes into five stratified groups: nobles, officials, peasants, soldiers and convicts. After a brief introduction of the nature of each social class, I examine the food resources and nutritional condition of each group using information such as the wealth and income of each group, the market price of food resources, the agricultural products of peasants, and the amount of food distribution to soldiers and convicts. I found these data from archaeological remains, received historical records and pictorial data, and excavated texts. This research shows a broader view of Chinese dietary condition focusing not only on the variety of food resources of nobles, but also on the different food accessibilities among the officials, and the food deficiencies of peasants. It also deals with the situations of food supply for soldiers and convicts in an effort to reveal the true dietary consumption and nutritional conditions for all Chinese. This research proves that the various classes during the Han period in China had different food resources and dietary conditions
Huang Zunxian and Japanese Han-Poetry
No full textFrom 1877 to 1882, for four years, while carrying out his diplomatic mission of the Qing dynasty 淸朝 in Japan, Huang Zunxian 黄遵憲 was involved in Japanese Han-Poetry 日本漢詩. To write his two books, "History of Japan" 日本國志 and "Stories of Japan" 日本雜事詩, he became familiar with the evolution of Japanese Han-Poetry and its status. The first chapter of this paper reveals the overall view that Huang Zunxian had about Japanese Han-Poetry. As the first Chinese intellectual to visit Japan after the period of Edo 江戸 which had a closing-door policy, Huang Zunxian was very well received in Japan. Being a respectful poet from China, he gave guidance to Han-poets of Meiji 明治 time and wrote commentaries about the success as well as the failure of Han-poetry in Japan. The second chapter of this paper illustrates how Huang Zunxian was actively involved in the Han-poetry of the Meiji time. During the late-Qing dynasty, Huang Zunxian was a forerunner of the poetry revolution 詩界革命. Unnoticed but phenomenal, he tried to introduce western concepts and vocabularies in composing classic Chinese poems, which was quite likely influenced by the movement of poetry civilization 文明開化新詩 during Japan's Meiji time. This feedback 逆向反饋 phenomenon of in the Han-poetry exchange between China and Japan, as rare as a teacher was enlightened by his students, is the focus of the third chapter of this paper
Ovipennis multicornuta Huang, Volynkin, Zhao & Han 2022, sp. n.
No full textOvipennis multicornuta Huang, Volynkin, Zhao & Han sp. n. (Figs 9, 16) Ovipennis (Ovipennis) sp.: Huang et al. 2021: fig. 3. Type material. Holotype (Figs 1, 17): male, “ 30-VI-2019 | Fengtongzhai, Baoxing County, Ya’an City, Sichuan Province, China [in Chinese] | HSY TSY CCL [leg. Si-yao Huang, Shun-yun Tan & Cheng-long Cao]” / [gen. prep. No.:] “ LHSY117 ” (Coll. SCAU). Diagnosis. Externally, Ovipennis multicornuta sp. n. is reminiscent of O. postalba and O. semilutea but distinguished by the larger size, the somewhat smaller yellowish patch, and the outer darkish pattern forming a diffused large patch. In male genital capsule, the uncus is somewhat longer than in the congeners, and the transtilla lacks dorsal lobes, similar to that in O. semilutea. The phallus of the new species is broader than in the congeners. The vesica of O. multicornuta sp. n. is broader than in O. postalba and O. semilutea and sack-like, with a small dorsal basal diverticulum and the surface of its main chamber scattered by several clusters of long and thick cornuti, while the vesica is totally membranous without sclerotized elements in O. postalba, and lobe-like with a single distal cluster of cornuti in O. semilutea. Description. Male. Length of forewing 9.7 mm in holotype. Antenna brownish with white scales scattered at basal half section. Head, thorax and abdomen covered with whitish scales. Forewing moderately broad, with ochreous-yellowish patch present from subbasal to medial section and larger brownish diffused patch from medial to submarginal section. Forewing cilia whitish. Hindwing monotonous creamy white, cilia whitish. Male genitalia. Uncus slender and curved subapically. Tegumen triangular, short and broad. Transtilla smooth. Juxta shield-like. Saccus broad and short, U-shaped. Valva dilated distally, thoroughly sclerotized. Distal margin of costa somewhat dentate. Sacculus thick and stout basally, gradually tapered towards distal end. Distal saccular process short and apically pointed. Phallus short and broad, slightly tapered distally. Vesica sack-like with small dorsal basal diverticulum and main chamber bearing several clusters of long and thick cornuti. Female unknown. Distribution. Known only from Western Sichuan Province in Southwestern China. Etymology. The specific epithet “ multicornuta ” refers to the presence of numerous cornuti in the phallus vesica.Published as part of Zhao, Ting-Ting, Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao & Han, Hui-Lin, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Ovipennis Hampson, 1900 with descriptions of two new species from Southern and Southwestern China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini), pp. 483-492 in Zootaxa 5178 (5) on pages 487-490, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.5.5, http://zenodo.org/record/703403
Callilanguria helleri Huang & Han & Yang 2018, sp. nov
No full textCallilanguria helleri Huang & Yang, sp. nov Fig. 6 Type material. Holotype: female (SNHCD ), “Pannay Capiz Jamindan coll. W. Schultze \ ♀ \ Callilanguria humeridens HK 1939 Typus \ Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden (MTD)”. Paratypes: 1 female and 2 males (SNHCD), with the same data as the holotype. Diagnosis. This new species resembles C. luzonica by the body size and color but can be distinguished easily by having a protrusion on each elytral humerus in both sexes. Description. Body length: 20.1–25.3 mm. Head black, pronotum red, legs black, and elytra dark green with metallic luster. Head large, finely punctured; eyes finely faceted; club composed of the last four antennomeres. Clypeus much broader than long. The left mandible of the female longer than the right, acute at apex. In the male, mandibles large but symmetric. Pronotum longer than broad, finely punctured; from dorsal view, lateral pronotal carina invisible at middle; basal margin of pronotum black; basal fovea of pronotum distinct, slightly extended; punctation near the base of pronotum a little coarser than that in the middle. Elytra long, tapering from base to apex; with a distinct tubercle near each elytral shoulder; apex of elytra truncated, with small denticles; sutural and outer angles acute, a little produced. Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Karl M. Heller due to his contribution to the genus Callilanguria. Distribution. Philippines: Jamindan. Remarks. The holotype has a red label with a handwritten name “ Callilanguria humeridens ” by Karl M. Heller, but we could not find it in the Zoological Record nor in any publication. Therefore, we are treating it as an unpublished manuscript name. There are four specimens deposited in SNHCD, including the holotype and three paratypes. Unfortunately, they are more or less damaged by pests and not amenable to dissection.Published as part of Huang, Zheng-Zhong, Han, Xin-Yu & Yang, Xing-Ke, 2018, A taxonomic review of the genus Callilanguria Crotch, 1876 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae), pp. 97-110 in Zootaxa 4446 (1) on page 101, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/143741
Callilanguria weiweii Huang & Han & Yang 2018, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Callilanguria weiweii</i> Huang & Yang, sp. nov. <p>Figs. 13–35</p> <p> <b>Type material. Holotype:</b> male (IZCAS): “ Malaysia: Sabah, Keningau, Borneo Jungle Girl Camp \ 5°26'55"N, 116°27'08"E, 1100 m, 29. IV. 2015, coll. Huang Zhengzhong \ HOLOTYPE \ <i>Callilanguria weiweii</i> sp. nov. Huang Z.Z. det.” <b>Paratypes:</b> 1 male, 1 female, (MNHN); 1 male, 1 female (IZCAS), same data as holotype.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> The new species can be separated easily from the others of <i>Callilanguria</i> by the following characteristics: vertex orange, surrounded by black color; club of antenna composed of the last five antennomeres; base of femur orange, remainder copper green or black; elytra truncated, outer angle acute and a little produced. It is similar to <i>C. luzonica</i> but smaller, and the head and abdomen are not dark.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Body length: 13.1–15.5 mm. Vertex orange, surrounded by black. Genae black, gular plate orange. Antenna and scutellar shield black. Prothorax orange. Elytra copper green with metallic luster. Base of femur orange, remainder nearly black. Ventral side orange-yellow.</p> <p>Club composed of the last five antennomeres (Figs. 28A, E), fringed with pubescence. Antennomere III longer than antennomere IV, antennomere V as long as antennomere VI, antennomere VII triangular and not very dilated, antennomeres VIII to XI dilated, apex of antennomere XI truncated. Head without punctation or setae, very smooth. Clypeus broader than it is long, sparsely and finely punctured. Apex of labrum with setae. Eyes large, finely faceted. Mandibles robust and triangular. Mandibular incisor bidentate, ventral condyle round and distinct. Apex of lacinia tridentate, not obvious; the lateral edge of lacinia with setae, the left maxilla of the male specimen was damaged during dissecting (Fig. 27D). The last maxillary palpomere longer than the others (Figs. 27D, H). The last labial palpomere flat, length almost equal to width (Figs. 27C, G).</p> <p>Pronotum convex, longer than broad, lateral sides round, lateral pronotal carina inconspicuous, invisible from dorsal view. Pronotum finely punctured, but with several coarse punctures before the basal margin, without basal fovea. Anterior angle round, posterior angle acute but not produced. Prosternum finely punctured and plicated, with yellowish setae. Prosternal process long and trapezoidal, without any setae, apex broad and straight.</p> <p>Scutellar shield pentagonal, apex acute (Figs. 28C, G). Elytral humeri a little broader than base of pronotum. Elytra tapering posteriorly from humeri, regularly striate-punctate, striae fading before the apex. Intervals with fine punctation. Apex of elytra truncated, sutural angle round, outer angle acute and a little produced.</p> <p>Mesoventrite coarsely and densely punctured. The median suture of metaventrite not reaching apex of metaventral process. Abdomen finely punctured, coxal lines absent. The last ventrite with dense black setae at the apex.</p> <p> <b>Sexual dimorphism.</b> Antenna and the shape of scutellar shield display no differences between sexes, but in male, mandibles symmetric (Fig. 27A); apex of labrum with setae, the setae short and more or less curly (Fig. 27B); profemur and mesofemur densely granulated at base (Fig. 28B); elytra not very dehiscent at apex (Fig. 28D). In female, mandibles asymmetric (Fig. 27E); apex of labrum with setae, the setae long and straight (Fig. 27F); profemur and mesofemur not granulated (Fig. 28F); elytra dehiscent at the apex (Fig. 28H).</p> <p> <b>Male terminalia</b> (Figs. 15–20). Tergite VIII broader than long, apex with some setae (Fig. 15). Apex of tergite IX rounded with dense setae (Fig. 16). Male genital segment with setae at apex (Fig. 17). Median lobe long and slender, slightly curved, apex of the penis truncated; internal sac with a well-developed flagellum (Fig. 19). Parameres black and slender, apex with long yellow setae (Fig. 20).</p> <p> <b>Female terminalia</b> (Figs. 23–26). Tergite VIII broader than long, apex with some setae (Fig. 23). Apex of tergite IX tapered, with dense setae, a “V” shaped groove is obvious (Fig. 24). Spermathecal capsule slender (Fig. 25). Ovipositor long, apex strongly sclerotized and acute, apex without stylus but with several indistinct setae (Fig. 26).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet refers to Mr. Zhang Weiwei from China for his kind help during the field investigation and in honor of his great contributions to the popularization of entomological science in China.</p> <p> <b>Host plant.</b> Poaceae: <i>Setaria palmifolia</i> (J. Koenig) Stapf. (Fig. 29). It is a native species occurring all over Malesia (Saw <i>et al.</i> 2016). We observed that the females of <i>C. weiweii</i> bit the stem of the host plant and laid eggs inside (Figs. 30–32), and the second author found the eggs and larvae within the stem of the host plant (Figs. 33– 35).</p>Published as part of <i>Huang, Zheng-Zhong, Han, Xin-Yu & Yang, Xing-Ke, 2018, A taxonomic review of the genus Callilanguria Crotch, 1876 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae), pp. 97-110 in Zootaxa 4446 (1)</i> on pages 104-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1437418">http://zenodo.org/record/1437418</a>
Callilanguria nigripes Huang & Han & Yang 2018, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Callilanguria nigripes</i> Huang & Yang, sp. nov. <p>Fig. 8</p> <p> <b>Type material. Holotype</b>, male (SNHCD): “Island Samar Baker \ 22289 \ ♂ \ 1924, 6 \ <i>Callilanguria perlonga</i> Typus \ Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden (MTD).” The name “ <i>perlonga</i> ” is an unpublished manuscript name from Heller.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> The apices of the elytra extend much further than the end of the abdomen. In the genus <i>Callilanguria</i>, only <i>C. eximia</i> Fowler, 1885 and this new species have such a characteristic. The new species can be distinguished easily by its pronotum lacking a metallic luster.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Body length: 25.5 mm. Body extremely slender and parallel, head and prothorax red, antenna and legs black, elytra dark brown, ventral side dark brown. Club composed of the last five antennomeres, antennomere VII slightly broadened, triangular. Head and pronotum with fine punctation. Pronotum long and straight, lateral side nearly parallel. Base of pronotum not constricted, without basal fovea. Scutellar shield pentagonal, apex not acute. Elytra long and parallel, with fine punctation, elytral epipleura marked, apices of elytra truncated, without denticles. Apices of the elytra extending much further than the end of the abdomen.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name indicates that this species has black legs.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Samar Island, the Philippines.</p>Published as part of <i>Huang, Zheng-Zhong, Han, Xin-Yu & Yang, Xing-Ke, 2018, A taxonomic review of the genus Callilanguria Crotch, 1876 (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae), pp. 97-110 in Zootaxa 4446 (1)</i> on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4446.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1437418">http://zenodo.org/record/1437418</a>
Ovipennis milani Zhao & Volynkin & Huang & Han 2022, comb. n.
No full textOvipennis milani (Černý, 2009), comb. n. (Figs 2–5, 12, 13, 19, 20) Idopterum milani Černý in Černý & Pinratana 2009: 102, fig. 203. Nanarsine milani Černý: Volynkin et al. 2019: 78. Type material examined. Holotype: (Fig. 2) male, printed white label “N. Thailand | Chiang Mai-prov., | Doi Inthanon-NP, 1416m | 18°30′59″N, 98°28′13″ E | 30. IV. 2006 leg. K. Cerný [Černý]” / printed red label “HOLOTYPE | Idopterum | milani sp. n. | Karel Černý 2009 ” / printed white QR-code label with a unique number: “ NHMUK010605737 ” (Coll. NHMUK) . Paratypes: 2 males, N Thailand, Lampang, Chae Son NP, 1496m, 18°51.080'N, 99°22.016'E, 10. V.2008, leg. K. Černý, gen. prep. No.: AV2570 (prepared by Volynkin) (Coll. CKC); 1 female (Fig. 3), N Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov., Fang distr., Doi Pha Hom Pok, 1400 m, 20°02′54″N, 99°09′49″E, 28–29.XI.2005, leg. K. Černý, gen. prep. No.: AV2571 (prepared by Volynkin) (Coll. CKC); 1 female, N Thailand, Chiang Mai Prov., Fang distr., Doi Pha Hom Pok, 2050 m, 20°07′30″N, 99°08′49″E, 21.IV.2006, leg. K. Černý (Coll. CKC); Additional material examined. CHINA: 1 male, Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, 6.VII.2013, H.L. Han, gen. prep. No.: ztt-691-1 (Coll. NEFU); 1 male, 1 female, Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, Taiyanghe National Forest Park, 7.VIII.2013, S. R. Liu, Y.Q. Wang & K.J. Teng, gen. prep. Nos.: ztt-367-1 (male), ztt-366-2 (female) (Coll. NEFU); 1 male, Yunnan Province, Tengchong City, Huanxipo, 4–6.VIII.2014, H.L. Han, genit. prep. No.: ztt-379- 1 (Coll. NEFU); 3 males, Xizang Autonomous Region, Linzhi (= Nyingchi) City, Motuo (= Medog) County, 107K, 12–14.IV.2018, H.L. Han, genit. prep. Nos.: ztt-62-1, ztt-63-1, ztt-64-1 (Coll. NEFU); 2 males, Xizang Autonomous Region, Linzhi City, Motuo County, 16–17.IV.2018, H.L. Han, genit. prep. Nos.: ztt-362-1, ztt-363-1 (Coll. NEFU); 1 male, Yunnan Province, Lvchun County, Mt. Huanglianshan, 27–31.VII.2018, H.L. Han, J. Wu & M. R. Li, genit. prep. No.: ztt-376-1 (Coll. NEFU); 1 male, 1 female, Yunnan Province, Jiangcheng County, 1–2.VIII.2018, H.L. Han, J. Wu & M. R. Li, genit. prep. Nos.: ztt-365-1 (male), ztt-364-1 (female) (Coll. NEFU); 1 male, NW Yunnan, Nu Jiang valley, road Fugong / Gongshan, H- 1800 m, N 27°18.24″, E 98°53.20″, 17. V.2018, leg. Butvila & Saldaitis (Coll. ASV); 1 female, same locality and collectors as previous but 18. V.2018 (Coll. ASV). VIETNAM: 1 male, 1600m, Fan-si-pan Mt. (North), Cha-pa, primary forest, 22°17'N 103°44'E, 20–30.IV.1995, leg. V. Sinyaev & local collectors, genit. prep. No.: MWM 31.454 (prepared by Volynkin) (Coll. MWM / ZSM). Remarks. 1) In the analysis, the genus Ovipennis is found to be a monophyletic group receiving strong support from both methods (Fig. 1, UFBS=100, PP=1). Nanarsine milani is embedded in Ovipennis and clustered with Ovipennis multicornuta sp. n. with moderate support from both methods (Fig. 1, UFBS=63, PP=0.58), while the type species of the genus Nanarsine Volynkin, 2019, N. porphyrea (Snellen, 1880) is grouped with the species of the genera Barsilene Volynkin & Huang, 2019, Floridasura Volynkin, 2019 and Asura Walker, 1854 and the topology of this part is exactly the same as in Huang et al. (2021). Hence we transfer this species from Nanarsine to Ovipennis, viz. O. milani (Černý, 2009) comb. n. 2) This species is hereby recorded from Vietnam and China for the first time. Diagnosis. Ovipennis milani is characterized by the presence of a large golden patch on forewing and a short blackish streak on forewing dorsum. In male genitalia, the species is characterized by the sack-like phallus vesica with two clusters of small cornuti, of which one is positioned basally while the other one is positioned at the surface of a small diverticulum distally. Distribution. Northern Thailand, Northern Vietnam * and Southwestern China *(Xizang, Yunnan).Published as part of Zhao, Ting-Ting, Volynkin, Anton V., Huang, Si-Yao & Han, Hui-Lin, 2022, Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Ovipennis Hampson, 1900 with descriptions of two new species from Southern and Southwestern China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini), pp. 483-492 in Zootaxa 5178 (5) on page 486, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5178.5.5, http://zenodo.org/record/703403
HUANG, HAN-GING
No full text一、研究目的：
本文主要分析消費者購買米食型態、消費習慣、及對於小包裝白米接受情形及偏好狀
態，從而擬定有效的行銷策略以供農政單位進行食米銷售現代化及廠商營運之參考。
二、資料來源：
本文資料的收集主要是配合糧食局與本校運銷系合作辦理之家庭主要消費調查，從而
配合作者本人追蹤調查資料互相配合。
三、研究方法：
本文將小包裝白米當做一種連續性的創新產品為研究的立論基礎，再由羅吉斯之創新
決策過程與新產品購買行為理論來探討之其主要過程可分為（a ）知覺（b ）興趣（
c ）評價（d ）試用（e ）採用等過程來分析之。
四、研究結果：
根據調查資料分析結果，一般消費者購買小包裝白米意願不高由於食米銷售過程一直
停留於早期不科學之交易方式，使消費者蒙受其害，願透過本研究之分析，使得消費
者能了解小包裝白米之優點從而改變消費者之購買習慣，以利食米銷售現代化之進行
Chen, M.-J., Han, Y.-R., Hu, J.-X., Liu, Y.-J. & Huang, B. (2023) Tolypocladium rhizomatum sp. nov.: an endophytic species isolated from the rhizome of Polygonatum cyrtonema. Phytotaxa 606 (3): 201-210.
No full textChen, M.-J., Han, Y.-R., Hu, J.-X., Liu, Y.-J., Huang, B. (2023): Chen, M.-J., Han, Y.-R., Hu, J.-X., Liu, Y.-J. & Huang, B. (2023) Tolypocladium rhizomatum sp. nov.: an endophytic species isolated from the rhizome of Polygonatum cyrtonema. Phytotaxa 606 (3): 201-210. Phytotaxa 607 (1): 114-114, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.607.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.607.1.1
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