133 research outputs found
Effect of FTY720 on the Tissue Microenvironments of Acute Spinal Cord Injury
No full textObjectives: To observe the effect of FTY720 on the changes of tissue microenvironment after acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) in rats. Methods: A total of 168 female SD rats were randomly divided into A, B and C groups, with 56 rats in each group. In group A (Sham-operation group), only T9 laminectomy was performed without spinal cord injury, and 0.3 ml normal saline was given by gavage immediately after suture. Group B (control group) was given 0.3 ml normal saline by gavage, group C (treatment group) was given 0.3 ml FTY720 diluted in 3mg/kg normal saline by gavage. The rats were sacrificed at 6h, 12h, 24h, 72h, 7d and 21d after operation. The injured spinal cord (the corresponding part of group A) was taken for ultrathin section, and HE staining was used to observe the necrosis of the spinal cord, inflammatory cell infiltration, glial scar formation, and the size of the syringomyelia in each group. The ratio of syringomyelia area to spinal cord area was calculated 21 days after injury. SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: HE staining showed that the morphology of the spinal cord in group A was normal at each time point: At 12h to 48h after operation, progressive edema of the spinal cord and liquefaction necrosis of the injured central area were observed, accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration, mainly neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. At 12h and 72h after operation, the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration in group B was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05). The degree of lymphocyte infiltration in group C was significantly lower than that in group B 12 hours after operation (P< 0.05). At 72 hours after operation, the central area of the injury had formed an unorganized structure cavity, and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated around the cavity, mainly microglia/monocytes. The number of glial scar cells in group B was significantly higher than that in group C (P < 0.05). The syringomyelia formed 21 days after operation. The syringomyelia ratio in group B was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05). Conclusions: FTY720 can significantly improve neurological function in rats after ASCI possibly by inhibiting the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury, thereby reducing the secondary injury of the spinal cord
Enhanced Self-supervised Learning for Multi-modality MRI Segmentation and Classification: A Novel Approach Avoiding Model Collapse
No full textMulti-modality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide complementary
information for computer-aided diagnosis. Traditional deep learning algorithms
are suitable for identifying specific anatomical structures segmenting lesions
and classifying diseases with magnetic resonance images. However, manual labels
are limited due to high expense, which hinders further improvement of model
accuracy. Self-supervised learning (SSL) can effectively learn feature
representations from unlabeled data by pre-training and is demonstrated to be
effective in natural image analysis. Most SSL methods ignore the similarity of
multi-modality MRI, leading to model collapse. This limits the efficiency of
pre-training, causing low accuracy in downstream segmentation and
classification tasks. To solve this challenge, we establish and validate a
multi-modality MRI masked autoencoder consisting of hybrid mask pattern (HMP)
and pyramid barlow twin (PBT) module for SSL on multi-modality MRI analysis.
The HMP concatenates three masking steps forcing the SSL to learn the semantic
connections of multi-modality images by reconstructing the masking patches. We
have proved that the proposed HMP can avoid model collapse. The PBT module
exploits the pyramidal hierarchy of the network to construct barlow twin loss
between masked and original views, aligning the semantic representations of
image patches at different vision scales in latent space. Experiments on
BraTS2023, PI-CAI, and lung gas MRI datasets further demonstrate the
superiority of our framework over the state-of-the-art. The performance of the
segmentation and classification is substantially enhanced, supporting the
accurate detection of small lesion areas. The code is available at
https://github.com/LinxuanHan/M2-MAE
The evolutionary history and ecological adaptation of Capulus danieli (Littorinimorpha, Capulidae)
No full textCapulus danieli, a distinct member of Capulidae, with a limpet-shaped shell, exhibits a unique ecological behaviour by attaching and drilling onto the shells of scallops, distinguishing itself from other members of the gastropod class, offering a compelling case for evolutionary and ecological study. This study initially obtained the complete mitochondrial genome of C. danieli through second-generation sequencing. In addition, 25 species closely related to C. danieli were selected to establish phylogenetic analysis using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) methods. Furthermore, a divergence time tree of Capulidae was constructed based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of 11 Capulidae species.The results showed that the mitochondrial genome of C. danieli is similar to most known neogastropods, confirming the first record of this species in China. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed a close evolutionary relationship between C. danieli (Family Capulidae) and Ficus subintermedia, Ficus variegata (Family Ficidae) within the Order Littorinimorpha. The divergence time estimation suggested that C. danieli diverged approximately 52.29 million years ago. The genus Capulus of mollusks exhibits morphological plasticity, adapting their form to better suit their parasitic lifestyle. This adaptability may aid in their survival and reproduction on various hosts. The adaptive changes in the shell morphology of Capulus species in response to the morphology of their host shells can be considered an example of co-evolution
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Air-conditioning use behaviors when elevated air movement is available
No full textMany experimental studies demonstrated that elevating indoor temperatures to 28 or 30°C is comfortable if fans are used, while this elevation often is not applied in practice. This study aims to investigate AC thermostat use behaviors when elevated air movement is available, as well as to provide insights at guiding occupants to select warmer environments without reducing their comfort. 20 subjects participated in a series of tests at three initial ambient temperatures (26, 28, and 30°C) with different settings of an AC thermostat and a ceiling fan: (1) a free-controlled thermostat without a fan, (2) a free-controlled thermostat with a free-controlled fan, (3) a free-controlled thermostat with an always-on fan (controllable but not allowed to turn off), (4) a limited thermostat (no lower than 28°C) with a free-controlled fan, and (5) a limited thermostat with an always-on fan. The results show that without the ceiling fan, subjects used AC to lower indoor temperatures to 25.7°C. When the fan was available (free-controlled), they did not only rely on lowering the AC set-point alone but also turned on the fan immediately when starting using AC. This behavior ended a final ambient temperature up to 27.4°C. Under always-on fan conditions, the fan was running at a high speed at the beginning of using AC. Although subjects turned down the fan speed, the final fan speeds were about doubled the speeds as compared with free-controlled fan conditions. This higher initial speed by the always-on fan made subjects select higher indoor temperatures: at the 28°C initial temperature, there was no further lowering of ambient temperatures; at the 30°C initial temperature, the final temperatures were 28.6 and 28.9°C for the free-controlled and limited AC test conditions, about a 3-K set-points extension compared with the no-fan condition. Further, despite different conditions, more than 90% of subjects had comfortable feelings, which indicates that people with adjustable AC prefer a constant thermal perception rather than a constant ambient temperature. Therefore, the strategy of using fans before AC should be adopted to guide people actively to select higher AC set-point temperatures
High permeable microporous structured carbon counter electrode assisted by polystyrene sphere for fully printable perovskite solar cells
No full textMorphological Trait Correlations and Nutrient Compositions of the Japanese Moon Scallop Ylistrum japonicum in China
No full textThe Ylistrum japonicum is a scallop of commercial significance, renowned for its capacity to undertake long-distance swimming. A total of 150 individuals were collected to explore the connections between morphological traits and quality traits and to determine the nutritional components of the adductor muscle. The results showed a robust positive correlation between morphological traits and quality traits, with certain variations in the intensity of the correlation depending on gender. For both female and male individuals, the most significant factor directly influencing the quality traits was shell width, and shell length had the greatest indirect influence on the individual quality traits. The nutritional results of the adductor muscle of Y. japonicum showed that the moisture content was 80.17%, the ash content was 1.43%, the protein content was 16.93%, the fat content was 0.67%, and the carbohydrate content was 0.80%. Furthermore, a total of 17 amino acids and a total of 23 fatty acids were detected. The study’s findings contribute to the understanding of the quality traits and nutritional value of Y. japonicum, laying a basis for the development of selective breeding strategies aimed at boosting the species’ aquaculture potential
Geochemistry, geochronology, and tectonic significance of diorite porphyry from the Northern Daheishan Horst in NE China
No full textThe Daheishan Horst is located in the eastern segment of the Solonker-Xar Moron River-Changchun-Yanji Suture (SXCYS), between the eastern margin of the Songliao Basin and the Jiayi Fault Zone. The Daheishan Horst serves as a critical area for studying the evolutionary processes of the eastern Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO). Current debates persist regarding the formation age, tectonic setting, and evolution of magmatic rocks in the Daheishan Horst. To address these controversies, this study examines diorite porphyry dikes exposed in Heibei Village, Jilin City, Jilin Province, through comprehensive analyses including: whole-rock major, trace, and rare earth elements; zircon U-Pb dating; zircon Hf isotopes; and whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopes. These investigations aim to determine the formation age and tectonic evolution of the magmatic rocks in the Daheishan Horst. Key findings include: (1) Zircon U-Pb ages (252.9 ± 3.2 Ma) indicate Late Permian emplacement; (2) The magmatic rocks are predominantly subalkaline and belong to the medium-K calc-alkaline series. They exhibit enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), with significant depletion in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs: Nb, Ta, P, Ti), consistent with arc-type or active continental margin magmatism; (3) Zircon Hf and whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic analyses indicate magma derivation primarily from partial melting of depleted mantle sources, with negligible contamination from ancient crustal materials; (4) Geochemical signatures include positive La/Sm-La correlations, elevated Th contents (6.21–11.66 ppm), Th/Yb = 2.52–3.66, Zr/Y = 9.7–11.5, and Ta/Yb = 0.12–0.28. These features are diagnostic of oceanic-continental subduction zone magmatism, confirming origination from partial melting of subduction-fluid-metasomatized mantle. This study concludes that the magmatic rocks of the Daheishan Horst formed during subduction beneath an active continental margin. Our results reveal a bidirectional subduction with scissor-like closure model along the SXCYS in the eastern Paleo-Asian Ocean, with closure propagating westward to eastward from the Late Permian to Early/Middle Triassic
Influence of Warm Exposure on Thermal Perceptions and Control Behaviors Over Indoor Environments
No full textExperimental Study on Occupant Control Behaviors Over a Thermostat of Air-Conditioning System and a Ceiling Fan
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