27,666 research outputs found
Ren shi shi zhuan shang han mi fang
No full text[竹林寺僧撰].綫裝.框13.7x10.3公分, 9行20字. 白口, 四周單邊, 單黑魚尾. 版心上鐫題名, 中鐫卷次, 下鐫葉次.分上, 中, 下卷.書末有咸豐元年[1851]葉慶鎬跋, 言山陰吳純圃捐資刻書事.《中國中醫古籍總目》07446著錄.附刊: 濟世論 -- 任氏世傳傷寒秘方 : 附刻良方.鈐"莊兆祥印", "莊兆祥".Xian zhuang.Kuang 13.7 x 10.3 gong fen, 9 hang 20 zi. Bai kou, si zhou dan bian, dan hei yu wei. Ban xin shang juan ti ming, zhong juan juan ci, xia juan ye ci.Fen shang, zhong, xia juan.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.[Zhu lin si seng zhuan].Fu kan: Ji shi lun -- Ren shi shi zhuan shang han mi fang : fu ke liang fang.Qian "Zhuang Zhaoxiang yin", "Zhuang Zhaoxiang"
ANALISIS PREFIKS PENANDA NEGASI MU- (無-), FU- (不-), HI- (非-), MI- (未-), HAN- (反-) DALAM BAHASA JEPANG
No full textABSTRACT
Widyawati, Intan Tri. 2015. “Analisys of Prefix Mu-, Fu-, Hi-, Mi-, and Han- as Negation Sign in Japanese Language”. Thesis.Departement of Japanese Studies Faculty of Humanities.Diponegoro University. The First Advisor LinaRosliana, S.S., M.Hum. Second AdivisorSriwahyu Istana Trahutami, S.S., M.Hum.
The purpose of this research is to identify the sructures and meanings of prefix mu-, fu-, hi-, mi-, and han- as negation sign. The author chose this title due the lack of explanation and words examples about the using of those prefix as negation sign in Japanese textbooks, beside that there were still many mistakes in using prefix mu-, fu-, hi-, mi-, and han-.
The method that been used in this research is a descriptive method. To write this thesis, firstly, the author collected the data, analyzed the data and then presented the result. Prefix mu-, fu-, hi-, mi-, and han- can be attached with noun and adjective in kango, wago, gairaigo, and konshugo. Prefix mu-,fu-, and hi- have the same meaning as ”not” and “without” in Indonesian language, but actually they have the other meanings that can differentiate each other.
Keywords :prefix as negation sign, mu-, fu-, hi-, mi-, han
Transition metal ions and neurotransmitters: coordination chemistry and implications for neurodegeneration
No full textNeurodegeneration is characterized by a disturbance in neurotransmitter-mediated signaling pathways. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of transition metal ions, including Cu(i/ii), Zn(ii), and Fe(ii/iii), in neurotransmission, thereby making the coordination chemistry of neurotransmitters a growing field of interest in understanding signal dysfunction. This review outlines the physiological functions of transition metal ions and neurotransmitters, with the metal-binding properties of small molecule-based neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Additionally, we discuss the structural and conformational changes of neurotransmitters induced by redox-active metal ions, such as Cu(i/ii) and Fe(ii/iii), and briefly describe the outcomes arising from their oxidation, polymerization, and aggregation. These observations have important implications for neurodegeneration and emphasize the need for further research to develop potential therapeutic strategies.
Methods for Analyzing the Coordination and Aggregation of Metal–Amyloid-β
No full textThe misfolding and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are histopathological features found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To discover effective therapeutics for AD, numerous efforts have been made to control the aggregation of Aβ species and their interactions with other pathological factors, including metal ions. Metal ions, such as Cu(II) and Zn(II), can bind to Aβ peptides forming metal-bound Aβ (metal-Aβ) complexes and, subsequently, alter their aggregation pathways. In particular, redox-active metal ions bound to Aβ species can produce reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress. In this review, we briefly illustrate some experimental approaches for characterizing the coordination and aggregation properties of metal-Aβ complexes.
Intestinal morphogenesis in development, regeneration, and disease: the potential utility of intestinal organoids for studying compartmentalization of the crypt-villus structure
No full textThe morphology and structure of the intestinal epithelium are rearranged dynamically during development, tissue regeneration, and disease progression. The most important characteristic of intestinal epithelial morphogenesis is the repetitive compartmentalized structures of crypt-villus units, which are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and functions. Abnormal structures are known to be closely associated with disease development and progression. Therefore, understanding how intestinal crypt-villus structures are formed and grown is essential for elucidating the physiological and pathophysiological roles of the intestinal epithelium. However, a critical knowledge gap in understanding the compartmentalization of the crypt-villus axis remains when using animal models, due to obvious inter-species differences and difficulty in real-time monitoring. Recently, emerging technologies such as organoid culture, lineage tracing, and single cell sequencing have enabled the assessment of the intrinsic mechanisms of intestinal epithelial morphogenesis. In this review, we discuss the latest research on the regulatory factors and signaling pathways that play a central role in the formation, maintenance, and regeneration of crypt-villus structures in the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, we discuss how these factors and pathways play a role in development, tissue regeneration, and disease. We further explore how the current technology of three-dimensional intestinal organoids has contributed to the understanding of crypt-villus compartmentalization, highlighting new findings related to the self-organizing-process-driven initiation and propagation of crypt-villus structures. We also discuss intestinal diseases featuring abnormalities of the crypt-villus structure to provide insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting intestinal morphogenesis and crypt-villus formation.
Simvastatin suppresses self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells by inhibiting RhoA geranylgeranylation
No full textStatins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, were originally developed to lower cholesterol. Their pleiotropic (or cholesterol-independent) effects at the cellular and molecular levels are highly related to numerous cellular functions, such as proliferation and differentiation. However, they are hardly studied in embryonic stem cells. In this study, we evaluated the effects of statins on mouse ESCs (J1, D3, and RW.4) to enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of ESC self-renewal. Treatment of ESCs with simvastatin, mevastatin, atorvastatin, or pravastatin induced morphological change and decreased cell proliferation. We observed that the use of simvastatin was most effective in all three ESCs. Loss of ESC self-renewal by simvastatin was determined by marked downregulation of ESC markers alkaline phosphatase, Oct4, Nanog, Rex-1, and SSEA-1. Simvastatin effects were selectively reversed by either rnevalonate or its metabolite geranylgeranyl pyro-phosphate (GGPP) but not by cholesterol or farnesyl pyrophosphate. These results suggest that simvastatin effects were mainly derived from depletion of intracellular pools of GGPP, the substrate required for the geranylgeranylation. Using this approach, we found that GGPP, a derivative of the rnevalonate pathway, is critical for ESC self-renewal. Furthermore, we identified that simvastatin selectively blocked cytosol-to-membrane translocalization of RhoA small guanosine triphosphate-binding protein, known to be the major target for geranylgeranylation, and lowered the levels of Rho-kinase (ROCK)2 protein in ESCs. In addition, simvastatin downregulated the ROCK activity, and this effect was reversed by addition of GGPP. Our data suggest that sirnvastatin, independently of its cholesterol-lowering properties, impairs the ESC self-renewal by modulating RhoA/ROCK-dependent cell-signaling
Expression profiles of protein tyrosine kinase genes in human embryonic stem cells
No full textComplex signaling pathways operate in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and are coordinated to maintain self-renewal and stem cell characteristics in them. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) participate in diverse signaling pathways in various types of cells. Because of their functions as key molecules in various cellular processes, PTKs are anticipated to have important roles also in hESCs. In this study, we investigated the roles of PTKs in undifferentiated and differentiated hESCs. To establish comprehensive PTK expression profiles in hESCs, we performed reverse transcriptase PCR using degenerate primers according to the conserved catalytic PTK motifs in both undifferentiated and differentiated hESCs. Here, we identified 42 different kinases in two hESC lines, including 5 non-receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), 24 RTKs, and 13 dual and other kinases, and compared the protein kinase expression profiles of hESCs and retinoic acid-treated hESCs. Significantly, up- and downregulated kinases in undifferentiated hESCs were confirmed by real-time PCR and western blotting. MAP3K3, ERBB2, FGFR4, and EPHB2 were predominantly upregulated, while CSF1R, TYRO3, SRC, and GSK3A were consistently downregulated in two hESC lines. Western blot analysis showed that the transcriptional levels of these kinases were consistent with the translational levels. The obstruction of upregulated kinases' activities using specific inhibitors disturbed the undifferentiated status and induced the differentiation of hESCs. Our results support the dynamic expression of PTKs during hESC maintenance and suggest that specific PTKs that are consistently up- and downregulated play important roles in the maintenance of stemness and the direction of differentiation of hESCs.open
Positive Demand Spillover of Popular App Adoption: Implications for Platform Owners’ Management of Complements
No full textAs platform owners interact with end users and complementors, their demand side characteristics and performance affect the overall value creation of ecosystems. This research investigated how the emergence of popular complements on a mobile communication platform impacts the usage of other complementary products by the platform's end users and how platform owners can benefit from such demand spillovers. We identified two different forms of demand spillovers (i.e., backward and forward) and conceptualized how each subsequently affects platform expansion. On the basis of individual user-level app usage data, we empirically demonstrated how the presence of a popular app alters the demand structure of a platform through changes in the usage of other apps operating within it. The findings reveal that popular app adoption by users increases the number of apps used and the duration of app usage, excluding the usage of popular apps, only within the platform offering a popular app. These results support the existence of positive spillovers from popular complement adoption on a platform. Such positive within-platform spillovers are derived from both backward spillovers onto existing apps adopted before popular app adoption and forward spillovers onto new apps to be adopted after the uptake of favored apps. These patterns suggest that positive spillovers of popular app adoption occur through both the increased retrieval of existing apps and reduced uncertainty about newly released apps. Furthermore, forward spillover is considerably stronger than backward spillover, implying that platform owners can reap benefits by coordinating the launch of new complements and the promotion of less-known counterparts to end users with the emergence of a popular app. These results shed light on how platform owners can manage their complements and create value beyond direct contributions from popular complements.
Independence or Development?: An Overview of TurkeyÃs Foreign Language Education Policies
No full textMany countries have long had two sorts of interests; on the one hand, they have had to remain independent via protecting and promoting their official languages as a powerful symbol of their identities, and on the other hand, they have had to enable technological and economic development, which essentially involves international communication, usually by means of a foreign language. These two sorts of interests have often posed a dilemma for those countries and their peoples, because protecting and promoting identities have often implied closed and egocentric policies while international communication has involved more open and other-conscious policies. In todayÃs world, this dilemma is even more highlighted because of the so-called "globalization", which is taking place. In this article, I will present this dilemma by focussing on one country, Turkey, and its foreign language education policies. An historical account of the countryÃs interaction with other languages (than Turkish) will precede a presentation of the recent shape the recurring dilemma took, namely, teaching foreign languages versus teaching in a foreign language, in the daily national papers and publications in the1989 and 1997 discussions. I will then make personal suggestions of conduct for decision-makers in Turkey and other countries facing the same dilemma.Turkey, foreign language education, language planning
Hybrid materials of upcycled Mn3O4 and reduced graphene oxide for a buffer layer in organic solar cells
No full textMn3O4 on reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) was easily synthesized by upcycling process of wasting manganese ions which were generated during oxidation reaction from graphite to GO. The yellow-brown GO suspension under acid media before neutralization immediately became black precipitates when the suspension was titrated into the concentrated NaOH solution. The method could convert the wasting manganese ions up to similar to 91 wt% to Mn3O4 to optimize work function in a hole transport layer (HTL) for organic solar cells. The hybrid materials exhibited an ideal electronic structure suitable for HTL, leading to the excellent power conversion efficiency of similar to 3.23%. (C) 2017 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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