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    Establishing dominance between alternatives with incomplete information in a hierarchically structured attribute tree

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    A model for establishing dominance with incomplete information is proposed in a hierarchically structured attribute tree. The linear additive value function under certainty is used in the model. The model allows the decision maker to provide any type of linear partial information on the attribute weights and the alternative values. The incompletely specified information constructs a feasible region of linear constraints and therefore, pairwise dominance relationship between alternatives reduces to intractable non-linear programming. Hence, to handle this difficulty, we propose a solution technique. Also, to handle the tree structure, we break down the attribute tree into sub-trees. Due to the recursive structure of the solution technique, the optimization results from sub-trees can be utilized in computing the value interval on the topmost attribute. Based on the solution technique. an algorithm for obtaining the value interval is proposed and dominance relation is established. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    A new monolithic thermal inkjet printhead using single crystalline silicon island as a heating resistor isolated by oxidized porous silicon

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    A new monolithic thermal inkjet printhead using single crystalline silicon island as a heating resistor is proposed. The n(+) silicon island was fabricated by full isolation by porous oxidized silicon (FIPOS) using double diffusion. The heating resistor is thermally and electrically isolated from the silicon substrate by oxidizing the porous silicon; The fabricated thermal inkjet, printhead has a simple structure because high quality thermal oxide can be used as a passivation layer

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Monolithic fabrication of electroplated solenoid inductors using three-dimensional photolithography of a thick photoresist

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    A novel and high-yield fabrication process has been devised for monolithic integration of solenoid inductors. In order to simplify the fabrication steps, we decompose the solenoid inductor into two parts, bottom conductor lines and air bridges. The air bridge is formed as a single body during a single electroplating step. This single-step fabrication of the air bridges is possible by forming a three-dimensional (3D) photoresist mold using multiple exposures with varying exposure depths, followed by a single development step, which realizes the 3D latent image of the unexposed volume in the photoresist. We have successfully fabricated solenoid inductors with and without a magnetic core using this process. This process is easy and simple, so that one can significantly improve the fabrication yield over that achieved by conventional methods. Also, this process has good compatibility with the integrated circuit (IC) process owing to a low process temperature (< 120 degrees C) and the monolithic feature
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