1,720,955 research outputs found
Zambian media in transition: media reforms in an economic and political context
Full text linkAbstract: The history and development of the Zambian media has been intertwined with the process of democratization in the country. This article uses the theories of transitology and political economy of communication to analyse the relationship between media reforms and the democratic process. Since 1991, the trajectory of the Zambian media has been presented in the shadow of the political and economic factors at play during the transition to democracy. As part of the democratic transition, political elites promised media reforms, but subsequent developments have made the media increasingly more a prisoner of the political and economic realities, where the state retains control over the media. The government employs rhetoric to create an illusion of media reforms by repeatedly promising to privatize state-owned media. This article therefore argues that even if economic factors exert great influence on the democratic transition in Zambia, the state continues to be a key player in shaping the media industry in the country. It further argues that some of the causes of this stalled transition are historical factors imbedded in the problem of recycled leadership
An Examination of Advertising and its Impact on the Media in Zambia
No full textThis thesis examined advertising and its impact on the media in Zambia.It looked at the historic development of advertising agencies describing their structure and organisation.It explored the trends of advertising formats of both the print and broadcast media. The study focused on the effects of advertising on editorial content. It looked at how media institutions operate and handle economic pressures from the pursuit of advertising revenue. It also scrutinised how media audiences and consumers are affected by advertising.The sample for the study was selected from among the towns to reflect the whole country. Three cities were selected. The data was collected from ten media institutions and advertising agencies from the sampled cities. Data collection was conducted using three sets of questionnaires: one for quantitative data and two for qualitative data (in-depth interviews).Findings of this study indicate that advertising in Zambia has been gradually developing over the years, with and increase in the number of agencies. It has demonstrated how advertising agencies were run, structured and organised both in the past and in the present days.Substantial evidence seems to indicate that the mass media are heavily dependent on advertising revenue to survive. Especially for the private media, the competition for advertising continues. Advertising has profound influence on the editorial autonomy of most media institutions. One fundamental revelation from the study and significant to the proposition of the political-economic theory of advertising pertains to the ability of big and financially powerful corporate organisations to dominate the media industry, influence media operations and consequently frustrate press freedom
The sustainability of a free press in Zambia’s Third Republic: a case of the Zambia Daily Mail and The Post newspapers.
Full text linkDoctoral Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.This study sets out to explore the sustainability of a free press in Zambia. The main objective
is to contribute to the debate on factors affecting the political and economic sustainability,
advertising in particular and independence of newspapers in a small media market. For this
purpose, the study uses a case of the Zambia Daily Mail and The Post newspapers. Using
political economy analysis, the thesis uncovers the nature and form of the media system; the
factors influencing the independence and freedom of the press; the type, the extent, resources
required for the sustainability of a free press and the role and impact of policy interventions for
creating an enabling environment for a free press in Zambia. The thesis acknowledges that
global transformations are pushing media systems around the world towards the liberal system
of market-driven de-regulated, convergence and commercialism. Similar claims are made that,
like any other, the Zambian media market is not immune to these trends, and is in transition to
integrate with the global trends. It, however, stresses that the degree and extent to these
transformations varies from region to region, and country to country. However, irrespective of
some signs of evidence of this transformation, Zambia is a small country with a small media
market, subjecting it to different influences from affluent Western countries. It has therefore
been argued that country-specific conditions in the media and communication environment
such as a country’s media and communications infrastructure, and more rudimentary
characteristics including market size, growth rate, profitability and competition should be taken
into consideration. In this vein, the thesis also contends that the influence of the global trends
in the political economy of communication on the Zambian media system has not been
subjected to adequate academic examination. In fact, this observation is extended to most third
world African countries. As a result, this has led such countries to either be left in the margins
or be subjected to sweeping generalisations made about Western societies. Therefore, the thesis
advocates evidence-based approaches for conceptualising the political economy of
communication
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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