1,720,953 research outputs found
Bird feeders as a tool to connect people with nature, and characteristics of ponderosa pine associated with woodpecker foraging use
No full textMy dissertation consisted of two, disjunct research topics. The first was a social science study that aimed to investigate the efficacy of using bird feeders as a method to increase connection to nature in adults and children. The second research area broadly compiled existing literature on tree-scale foraging ecology of bark-foraging insectivorous woodpeckers in North America, and based on knowledge gained from the literature review aimed to conduct primary research on that group of woodpeckers to fill some of the gaps in our knowledge on woodpecker foraging ecology. The following abstract summarizes my research on these two distinct topics in separate paragraphs. Given that connection to nature is positively correlated with pro-environmental behavior, strategies to facilitate human-nature interactions are necessary to mitigate the anthropogenic effects of urbanization to the environment. I assessed the efficacy of bird feeders as tools to connect people to nature in sixth graders and parents. I visited 19 participating classes assigned as experimental (i.e., I gave them feeders and bird seed) and control (i.e., I did not give them feeders and seed) groups. Participants who entered the study having previously-owned feeders had significantly greater baseline connections to nature compared to those who did not. Pre- and post-test assessments suggested that over the course of a one-month intervention, adults who did not previously own a feeder in experimental classrooms experienced significant increases in connections to nature compared to those in control classrooms, while those who previously-owned feeders did not. However, students’ connections to nature did not change. Parents who became new owners of feeders experienced similar, or greater, percent increases in connection to nature compared to some studies of tourism, zoo, and museum experiences, suggesting feeders may be as effective as interventions that are logistically and financially difficult to employ across diverse communities.
Woodpeckers are important forest species because they prey on tree pests and act as keystone species by creating breeding and shelter sites for numerous vertebrate and invertebrate taxa. With global estimates of forest loss due to natural and anthropogenic factors occurring at a rate of 0.6% per year, it is becoming increasingly important to understand woodpecker ecology because preservation and restoration of woodpecker habitat should have cascading positive outcomes for species that depend on their cavities, as they are often considered umbrella and indicator species. In my second chapter, I reviewed literature on the foraging ecology of bark-foraging insectivorous woodpeckers in North America to synthesize the strengths and weaknesses of our knowledge regarding associations of woodpecker foraging tree use and tree-scale characteristics. My literature review revealed that studies of woodpecker foraging ecology at the tree-scale in tropical North America were lacking, and there were also few studies in the northernmost portion of North America. Likewise, species with ranges in the tropics were unknown, or poorly-known, in the published literature. More studies existed in forests that had been altered by anthropogenic and natural alterations (e.g., wildfire, pest outbreaks, logging), and studies of woodpecker foraging associations with tree-scale characteristics of dead trees were common, while studies of live tree characteristics were rare. Therefore, my third chapter investigated associations between tree-scale foraging patterns of a bark-foraging insectivorous woodpecker species, the hairy woodpecker (Dryobates villosus), and both anatomical (bark thickness and hardness) and physiological (phloem thickness, oleoresin exudation and viscosity) characteristics of live and healthy trees, in addition to investigating if soil type influenced both woodpecker tree use and the variability of tree-scale characteristics that were related to woodpecker foraging. The major findings of the third chapter were 1) trees growing on geologically young, coarse soils that were characterized by poor water and nutrient retention were 10 times more likely to be foraged on by a woodpecker compared to trees growing on older, finer soils, 2) tree use by foraging woodpeckers and their wood-boring prey was negatively associated with bark thickness and hardness, but there were no relationships with physiological tree characteristics, 3) tree growth rate was generally greater at coarse soil sites, suggesting that although trees there were growing on poor-quality soils, high tree stress was not driving the strong pattern of tree use by woodpeckers and their prey at those sites
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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